Question 1

Identify the cytokine that is produced by Th2 cells and inhibits Th1.

Accepted Answer

A)  IL-10 
B)  IL-5 
C)  IL-3 
D)  IFN-gamma 
A)  IL-10 
B)  IL-5 
C)  IL-3 
D)  IFN-gamma A

Question 2

IL-2 is produced by one cell,and the same IL-2 stimulates that same cell.This type of cytokine activity is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  autocrine. 
B)  paracrine. 
C)  endocrine. 
D)  pleotropic. 
A)  autocrine. 
B)  paracrine. 
C)  endocrine. 
D)  pleotropic. A

Question 3

Which cells are primary producers of IL-1?

Accepted Answer

A)  T helper cells 
B)  Cytotoxic T cells 
C)  B cells 
D)  Macrophages 
A)  T helper cells 
B)  Cytotoxic T cells 
C)  B cells 
D)  Macrophages D

Question 4

Which option best describes the nature of IL-2?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activates T helper cells 
B)  Is made by macrophages 
C)  Causes lysis of tumor cells 
D)  Downregulates the immune response 
A)  Activates T helper cells 
B)  Is made by macrophages 
C)  Causes lysis of tumor cells 
D)  Downregulates the immune response

Question 5

The primary function of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)is to promote:

Accepted Answer

A)  apoptosis. 
B)  lysis. 
C)  diapedesis. 
D)  hematopoiesis. 
A)  apoptosis. 
B)  lysis. 
C)  diapedesis. 
D)  hematopoiesis.

Question 6

A protein released from a virally infected cell that protects other cells from viral invasion best describes:

Accepted Answer

A)  IL-3. 
B)  interferon-alpha. 
C)  TNF. 
D)  IL-4. 
A)  IL-3. 
B)  interferon-alpha. 
C)  TNF. 
D)  IL-4.

Question 7

Which type of cytokine acts as the best defense against gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  TGF-beta 
B)  TNF 
C)  IL-2 
D)  IL-5 
A)  TGF-beta 
B)  TNF 
C)  IL-2 
D)  IL-5

Question 8

A cytokine "storm" is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  systemic transfer of reactive macrophages induced by cytokines. 
B)  cytokine-mediated invasion of an infected wound by leukocytes. 
C)  massive, pathological overproduction of cytokines that contributes to pathogenesis. 
D)  psychological response to cytokines that bind hypothalamic receptors. 
A)  systemic transfer of reactive macrophages induced by cytokines. 
B)  cytokine-mediated invasion of an infected wound by leukocytes. 
C)  massive, pathological overproduction of cytokines that contributes to pathogenesis. 
D)  psychological response to cytokines that bind hypothalamic receptors.

Question 9

Cytokines exhibit pleiotropy,which refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple cytokines affecting the same cell. 
B)  one cytokine inhibiting the activity of another cytokine. 
C)  one cytokine affecting multiple cells. 
D)  cytokines acting together to affect a cell. 
A)  multiple cytokines affecting the same cell. 
B)  one cytokine inhibiting the activity of another cytokine. 
C)  one cytokine affecting multiple cells. 
D)  cytokines acting together to affect a cell.

Question 10

Identify the main action of interferon-gamma.

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases synthesis of acute-phase reactants 
B)  Stimulates cytotoxic T cells 
C)  Inhibits T-cell activity 
D)  Stimulates production of white blood cells 
A)  Increases synthesis of acute-phase reactants 
B)  Stimulates cytotoxic T cells 
C)  Inhibits T-cell activity 
D)  Stimulates production of white blood cells

Question 11

Identify the main action of IL-6.

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulates red blood cell production 
B)  Stimulates synthesis of acute-phase proteins 
C)  Inhibits antigen presentation by macrophages 
D)  Decreases activation of T and B cells 
A)  Stimulates red blood cell production 
B)  Stimulates synthesis of acute-phase proteins 
C)  Inhibits antigen presentation by macrophages 
D)  Decreases activation of T and B cells

Question 12

Acute cardiovascular shock,multi-organ failure,and death are sometimes not directly mediated by bacterial toxins but rather by:

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines. 
B)  complement deficiency. 
C)  hyperactive Th2 cells. 
D)  IL-10. 
A)  excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines. 
B)  complement deficiency. 
C)  hyperactive Th2 cells. 
D)  IL-10.

Question 13

What is a main function of chemokines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhibit the immune response 
B)  Enhance synthesis of acute-phase reactants 
C)  Establish a concentration gradient to guide cell movement 
D)  Protect cells from viral invasion 
A)  Inhibit the immune response 
B)  Enhance synthesis of acute-phase reactants 
C)  Establish a concentration gradient to guide cell movement 
D)  Protect cells from viral invasion

Question 14

IFN-gamma is produced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells. 
B)  Th1 cells. 
C)  Th2 cells. 
D)  macrophages. 
A)  B cells. 
B)  Th1 cells. 
C)  Th2 cells. 
D)  macrophages.

Question 15

Which of the following cytokines is produced by Th1 cells and is suppressive for Th2 lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  IL-2 
B)  IL-4 
C)  TGF-beta 
D)  IFN-gamma 
A)  IL-2 
B)  IL-4 
C)  TGF-beta 
D)  IFN-gamma

Question 16

Select the assay format that is particularly advantageous for analyzing cytokines that act in networks or induce cascades of downstream cytokines.

Accepted Answer

A)  ELISpot 
B)  Polymerase chain reaction 
C)  Agglutination 
D)  Multiplexed ELISA 
A)  ELISpot 
B)  Polymerase chain reaction 
C)  Agglutination 
D)  Multiplexed ELISA

Question 17

IL-4 functions by:

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibiting macrophages. 
B)  inducing hematopoiesis. 
C)  activating B cells. 
D)  activating macrophages. 
A)  inhibiting macrophages. 
B)  inducing hematopoiesis. 
C)  activating B cells. 
D)  activating macrophages.

Question 18

A patient is receiving anti-IL-1 therapy to reduce inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.Based on what you know about IL-1,what potential side effects would be associated with this treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased risk of infection 
B)  Increased numbers of B cells 
C)  Elevated body temperature 
D)  Hypotension 
A)  Increased risk of infection 
B)  Increased numbers of B cells 
C)  Elevated body temperature 
D)  Hypotension

Question 19

When IL-2 acts on T cells,B cells,and natural killer cells,this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  redundancy. 
B)  pleiotropy. 
C)  synergy. 
D)  antagonism. 
A)  redundancy. 
B)  pleiotropy. 
C)  synergy. 
D)  antagonism.

Question 20

The actions of IL-1 and IL-10 are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)  redundancy. 
B)  antagonism. 
C)  synergy. 
D)  pleiotropy. 
A)  redundancy. 
B)  antagonism. 
C)  synergy. 
D)  pleiotropy.

Exam 6: Cytokines

Identify the cytokine that is produced by Th2 cells and inhibits Th1.

IL-2 is produced by one cell,and the same IL-2 stimulates that same cell.This type of cytokine activity is called:

Which cells are primary producers of IL-1?

Which option best describes the nature of IL-2?

The primary function of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)is to promote:

A protein released from a virally infected cell that protects other cells from viral invasion best describes:

Which type of cytokine acts as the best defense against gram-negative bacteria?

A cytokine "storm" is a:

Cytokines exhibit pleiotropy,which refers to:

Identify the main action of interferon-gamma.

Identify the main action of IL-6.

Acute cardiovascular shock,multi-organ failure,and death are sometimes not directly mediated by bacterial toxins but rather by:

What is a main function of chemokines?

IFN-gamma is produced by:

Which of the following cytokines is produced by Th1 cells and is suppressive for Th2 lymphocytes?

Select the assay format that is particularly advantageous for analyzing cytokines that act in networks or induce cascades of downstream cytokines.

IL-4 functions by:

A patient is receiving anti-IL-1 therapy to reduce inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.Based on what you know about IL-1,what potential side effects would be associated with this treatment?

When IL-2 acts on T cells,B cells,and natural killer cells,this is an example of:

The actions of IL-1 and IL-10 are examples of:

Introduction to Immunity and the Immune System

Nature of Antigens and the Major Histocompatibility Complex

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Antibody Structure and Function

Complement System

Safety and Quality Management

Principles of Serological Testing

Precipitation and Agglutination Reactions

Labeled Immunoassays

Molecular Diagnostic Techniques

Flow Cytometry and Laboratory Automation

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmunity

Transplantation Immunology

Tumor Immunology

Immunoproliferative Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Serological and Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections

Spirochete Diseases

Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Parasitic and Fungal Infections

Serology and Molecular Detection of Viral Infections

Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV Infection

Immunization and Vaccines

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