Question 1

The lowest measurable amount of an analyte is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  accuracy. 
B)  precision. 
C)  analytic sensitivity. 
D)  analytic specificity. 
A)  accuracy. 
B)  precision. 
C)  analytic sensitivity. 
D)  analytic specificity. C

Question 2

Fluorescently labeled antibodies are used in flow cytometry to determine:

Accepted Answer

A)  the size of a cell. 
B)  the granularity of a cell. 
C)  proteins associated with a cell. 
D)  the shape of the nucleus. 
A)  the size of a cell. 
B)  the granularity of a cell. 
C)  proteins associated with a cell. 
D)  the shape of the nucleus. C

Question 3

In most flow cytometers,labeled cells:

Accepted Answer

A)  scatter the light and absorb fluorescence. 
B)  absorb fluorescence and emit electronic impulses. 
C)  scatter the light and emit fluorescence. 
D)  absorb both fluorescence and light. 
A)  scatter the light and absorb fluorescence. 
B)  absorb fluorescence and emit electronic impulses. 
C)  scatter the light and emit fluorescence. 
D)  absorb both fluorescence and light. C

Question 4

Which light signal in flow cytometry could be used to provide information about the expression of a protein on the outer surface of a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Forward-angle light scatter 
B)  Red light emitted by phycoerythrin 
C)  Polarized light 
D)  Right-angle light scatter 
A)  Forward-angle light scatter 
B)  Red light emitted by phycoerythrin 
C)  Polarized light 
D)  Right-angle light scatter

Question 5

The expression of cell surface markers is determined in the flow cytometer by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemiluminescence 
B)  Fluorescence 
C)  Optical density 
D)  Radioactivity 
E)  Scatter 
A)  Chemiluminescence 
B)  Fluorescence 
C)  Optical density 
D)  Radioactivity 
E)  Scatter

Question 6

An intrinsic parameter that can be measured by a flow cytometer is:

Accepted Answer

A)  surface expression of CD3. 
B)  granularity. 
C)  cytoplasmic protein content. 
D)  RNA content. 
A)  surface expression of CD3. 
B)  granularity. 
C)  cytoplasmic protein content. 
D)  RNA content.

Question 7

What are the advantages of automated testing in a clinical immunology laboratory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Requires minimal investment and maintenance 
B)  Reduces turnaround time 
C)  Increases hands-on time by staff 
D)  Does not require validation 
A)  Requires minimal investment and maintenance 
B)  Reduces turnaround time 
C)  Increases hands-on time by staff 
D)  Does not require validation

Question 8

The reference interval is determined by:

Accepted Answer

A)  using a standardized reagent to establish the highest and lowest concentrations that can be measured by an instrument or test system. 
B)  measuring an analyte in samples from a large number of healthy people, using the same instrument or test system. 
C)  the period of time between the acquisition and testing of a sample. 
D)  the difference in concentration between the highest and lowest standards used in the standard curve. 
A)  using a standardized reagent to establish the highest and lowest concentrations that can be measured by an instrument or test system. 
B)  measuring an analyte in samples from a large number of healthy people, using the same instrument or test system. 
C)  the period of time between the acquisition and testing of a sample. 
D)  the difference in concentration between the highest and lowest standards used in the standard curve.

Question 9

Flow cytometry is commonly used to:

Accepted Answer

A)  measure serum protein concentrations. 
B)  identify microbes. 
C)  determine the stage of leukocyte differentiation. 
D)  measure complement activation. 
A)  measure serum protein concentrations. 
B)  identify microbes. 
C)  determine the stage of leukocyte differentiation. 
D)  measure complement activation.

Question 10

What is a disadvantage of automated testing in a clinical immunology laboratory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreases potential for manual errors 
B)  Increases dependence on a single machine 
C)  Cannot be used within the preanalytical stage of testing 
D)  Cannot perform combined chemistry and immunoassay testing on a single platform 
A)  Decreases potential for manual errors 
B)  Increases dependence on a single machine 
C)  Cannot be used within the preanalytical stage of testing 
D)  Cannot perform combined chemistry and immunoassay testing on a single platform

Question 11

Which description best describes the reportable range?

Accepted Answer

A)  Span of test result values over which the laboratory can establish or verify the accuracy of an instrument or test system 
B)  Range of test values found in a healthy population of people 
C)  Variation observed in repeated measurements of the same sample 
D)  Difference in concentration between the highest and lowest standards used in the standard curve 
A)  Span of test result values over which the laboratory can establish or verify the accuracy of an instrument or test system 
B)  Range of test values found in a healthy population of people 
C)  Variation observed in repeated measurements of the same sample 
D)  Difference in concentration between the highest and lowest standards used in the standard curve

Question 12

In flow cytometry,it is possible to detect the expression of 10 different cell membrane proteins simultaneously by:

Accepted Answer

A)  using 10 different lasers that produce light at different wavelengths. 
B)  measuring the amount of light scattered at 10 different angles. 
C)  staining the cells with 10 different labeled probes that fluoresce at different wavelengths. 
D)  measuring mass as well as fluorescent intensity. 
A)  using 10 different lasers that produce light at different wavelengths. 
B)  measuring the amount of light scattered at 10 different angles. 
C)  staining the cells with 10 different labeled probes that fluoresce at different wavelengths. 
D)  measuring mass as well as fluorescent intensity.

Question 13

How close a measured value is to the actual (true)value is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  accuracy. 
B)  precision. 
C)  analytic sensitivity. 
D)  analytic specificity. 
A)  accuracy. 
B)  precision. 
C)  analytic sensitivity. 
D)  analytic specificity.

Question 14

Which light signal in flow cytometry provides information about a cell's intrinsic physical characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Green light emitted by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FIT
C)  
B)  Red light emitted by phycoerythrin 
C)  Polarized light 
D)  Scattered light 
A)  Green light emitted by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FIT
C)  
B)  Red light emitted by phycoerythrin 
C)  Polarized light 
D)  Scattered light

Question 15

In flow cytometry,if there are two light detectors,what does the amount of side scatter indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Size of the cell 
B)  Granularity of the cell 
C)  Surface markers 
D)  Shape of the cell 
A)  Size of the cell 
B)  Granularity of the cell 
C)  Surface markers 
D)  Shape of the cell

Question 16

The ability to consistently reproduce the same result on repeated testing of the same sample is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  accuracy. 
B)  precision. 
C)  analytic sensitivity. 
D)  analytic specificity. 
A)  accuracy. 
B)  precision. 
C)  analytic sensitivity. 
D)  analytic specificity.

Question 17

In flow cytometry,fluorescence is usually used to determine:

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic cell parameters. 
B)  extrinsic cell parameters. 
A)  intrinsic cell parameters. 
B)  extrinsic cell parameters.

Question 18

Identify the difference between batch and random-access analyzers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Batch analyzers are not automated. 
B)  Random-access analyzers only analyze one sample at a time. 
C)  Batch analyzers only do one type of analysis at a time. 
D)  Random-access analyzers cannot be used for stat samples. 
A)  Batch analyzers are not automated. 
B)  Random-access analyzers only analyze one sample at a time. 
C)  Batch analyzers only do one type of analysis at a time. 
D)  Random-access analyzers cannot be used for stat samples.

Question 19

Hydrodynamic focusing in flow cytometry refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  diameter of the laser beam. 
B)  refractive properties of the assay buffer. 
C)  orientation of the photomultiplier tubes. 
D)  alignment of the cells flowing past the laser beam. 
A)  diameter of the laser beam. 
B)  refractive properties of the assay buffer. 
C)  orientation of the photomultiplier tubes. 
D)  alignment of the cells flowing past the laser beam.

Question 20

A single cell parameter acquired by flow cytometry is presented graphically as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  histogram. 
B)  dot plot. 
C)  vector plot. 
D)  quadrant analysis. 
A)  histogram. 
B)  dot plot. 
C)  vector plot. 
D)  quadrant analysis.

Exam 13: Flow Cytometry and Laboratory Automation

The lowest measurable amount of an analyte is called:

Fluorescently labeled antibodies are used in flow cytometry to determine:

In most flow cytometers,labeled cells:

Which light signal in flow cytometry could be used to provide information about the expression of a protein on the outer surface of a cell membrane?

The expression of cell surface markers is determined in the flow cytometer by which of the following?

An intrinsic parameter that can be measured by a flow cytometer is:

What are the advantages of automated testing in a clinical immunology laboratory?

The reference interval is determined by:

Flow cytometry is commonly used to:

What is a disadvantage of automated testing in a clinical immunology laboratory?

Which description best describes the reportable range?

In flow cytometry,it is possible to detect the expression of 10 different cell membrane proteins simultaneously by:

How close a measured value is to the actual (true)value is called:

Which light signal in flow cytometry provides information about a cell's intrinsic physical characteristics?

In flow cytometry,if there are two light detectors,what does the amount of side scatter indicate?

The ability to consistently reproduce the same result on repeated testing of the same sample is called:

In flow cytometry,fluorescence is usually used to determine:

Identify the difference between batch and random-access analyzers.

Hydrodynamic focusing in flow cytometry refers to the:

A single cell parameter acquired by flow cytometry is presented graphically as a:

Introduction to Immunity and the Immune System

Nature of Antigens and the Major Histocompatibility Complex

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Antibody Structure and Function

Cytokines

Complement System

Safety and Quality Management

Principles of Serological Testing

Precipitation and Agglutination Reactions

Labeled Immunoassays

Molecular Diagnostic Techniques

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmunity

Transplantation Immunology

Tumor Immunology

Immunoproliferative Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Serological and Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections

Spirochete Diseases

Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Parasitic and Fungal Infections

Serology and Molecular Detection of Viral Infections

Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV Infection

Immunization and Vaccines

Filters