Question 1

Indirect immunofluorescence is similar to which type of enzyme immunoassay in terms of the performance of the assay?

Accepted Answer

A)  Competitive 
B)  Capture 
C)  ELISA 
D)  Homogeneous 
A)  Competitive 
B)  Capture 
C)  ELISA 
D)  Homogeneous C

Question 2

In the following equation,what is the ratio of bound radioactive (*)antigen to bound patient antigen (w:x)??8Ag* + 4Ag + 6Ab ---> (w)Ag*Ab + (x)AgAb + (y)Ag* + (z)Ag

Accepted Answer

A)  1:6 
B)  1:3 
C)  2:1 
D)  8:6 
A)  1:6 
B)  1:3 
C)  2:1 
D)  8:6 C

Question 3

You must choose between two widely accepted,commonly used colorimetric enzyme immunoassay kits to measure a plasma protein that circulates at a moderately high concentration.Each kit uses a different enzyme and substrate.What is the most important consideration in making your choice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shelf life of reagents 
B)  Speed of detection 
C)  Wavelengths detected by microtiter plate reader 
D)  Sensitivity 
A)  Shelf life of reagents 
B)  Speed of detection 
C)  Wavelengths detected by microtiter plate reader 
D)  Sensitivity C

Question 4

The standard method for detecting antinuclear antibodies (in certain autoimmune diseases)is:

Accepted Answer

A)  direct immunofluorescence. 
B)  indirect immunofluorescence. 
C)  fluorescence polarization. 
D)  autofluorescence. 
A)  direct immunofluorescence. 
B)  indirect immunofluorescence. 
C)  fluorescence polarization. 
D)  autofluorescence.

Question 5

Identify the characteristic associated with noncompetitive enzyme immunoassays.

Accepted Answer

A)  They are less sensitive than agglutination reactions. 
B)  They are used when quantitation is necessary. 
C)  Antibody is bound to the solid phase. 
D)  Binding sites for patient antibody are limited. 
A)  They are less sensitive than agglutination reactions. 
B)  They are used when quantitation is necessary. 
C)  Antibody is bound to the solid phase. 
D)  Binding sites for patient antibody are limited.

Question 6

Which assay poses the greatest risk of exposure to biohazards?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radioimmunoassay 
B)  Enzyme immunoassay 
C)  Fluorescence polarization 
D)  Chemiluminescent immunoassays 
A)  Radioimmunoassay 
B)  Enzyme immunoassay 
C)  Fluorescence polarization 
D)  Chemiluminescent immunoassays

Question 7

Which statement about noncompetitive enzyme immunoassays is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Binding sites for patient antigen are limited. 
B)  Washing in between steps is not necessary. 
C)  All patient antigen is allowed to react with binding sites. 
D)  Color is indirectly proportional to the concentration. 
A)  Binding sites for patient antigen are limited. 
B)  Washing in between steps is not necessary. 
C)  All patient antigen is allowed to react with binding sites. 
D)  Color is indirectly proportional to the concentration.

Question 8

Which assay format is the best choice for measuring small molecules,such as drugs and small peptide hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Latex agglutination 
B)  Fluorescence polarization 
C)  Capture ELISA 
A)  Latex agglutination 
B)  Fluorescence polarization 
C)  Capture ELISA

Question 9

Compared with a capture assay,a radioimmunoassay is likely to be more advantageous in terms of:

Accepted Answer

A)  use in diverse, nonlaboratory settings. 
B)  cost of equipment. 
C)  detecting small molecules. 
D)  cost of reagents. 
A)  use in diverse, nonlaboratory settings. 
B)  cost of equipment. 
C)  detecting small molecules. 
D)  cost of reagents.

Question 10

Which assay format has the lowest equipment cost?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzyme immunoassay 
B)  Immunochromatography 
C)  Fluorescence polarization 
D)  Chemiluminescence 
A)  Enzyme immunoassay 
B)  Immunochromatography 
C)  Fluorescence polarization 
D)  Chemiluminescence

Question 11

An immunoassay is performed in the following manner to look for an antigen (Ag)in the patient serum: Patient serum + labeled Ag + known antibody (Ab)are added together and incubated.Unbound material is washed off.The amount of labeled Ag is then measured.What assay is performed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homogeneous 
B)  Competitive 
C)  Capture 
D)  ELISA 
A)  Homogeneous 
B)  Competitive 
C)  Capture 
D)  ELISA

Question 12

An immunoassay is performed in the following way: Antigen is bound to a solid support.Patient serum is added,and patient antibodies bind to the antigen.The well is washed,and enzyme-labeled anti-immunoglobulin antibodies are added.The well is washed,and enzyme substrate is added.Enzyme activity is determined.Which immunoassay is described?

Accepted Answer

A)  Capture 
B)  Competitive 
C)  ELISA 
D)  Homogeneous 
A)  Capture 
B)  Competitive 
C)  ELISA 
D)  Homogeneous

Question 13

In the following equation,what is the ratio of free radioactive (*)antigen to free patient antigen (the ratio of y/z)after addition of the antibody and after all reactants have reached equilibrium??10 Ag* + 5 Ag + 3 Ab ---> (w)Ag*Ab + (x)AgAb + (y)Ag* + (z)Ag

Accepted Answer

A)  2:1 
B)  1:2 
C)  3:1 
D)  5:1 
A)  2:1 
B)  1:2 
C)  3:1 
D)  5:1

Question 14

In which of the following testing situations is there a direct relationship between the amount of bound label and the amount of patient antigen present?

Accepted Answer

A)  Competitive radioimmunoassay using labeled antigen 
B)  Competitive enzyme immunoassay using labeled antigen 
C)  Noncompetitive enzyme immunoassay using a second labeled antibody 
D)  Any of the above 
A)  Competitive radioimmunoassay using labeled antigen 
B)  Competitive enzyme immunoassay using labeled antigen 
C)  Noncompetitive enzyme immunoassay using a second labeled antibody 
D)  Any of the above

Question 15

Which compound would be an appropriate label in a chemiluminescent assay?

Accepted Answer

A)  Horseradish peroxidase 
B)  Iodine-125 
C)  Fluorescein 
D)  Ruthenium derivative 
A)  Horseradish peroxidase 
B)  Iodine-125 
C)  Fluorescein 
D)  Ruthenium derivative

Question 16

In a capture assay to determine the presence of a viral antigen in a patient sample,which of the following would be on solid phase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antigen 
B)  Labeled antibody 
C)  Unlabeled antibody 
D)  Antihuman immunoglobulin 
A)  Antigen 
B)  Labeled antibody 
C)  Unlabeled antibody 
D)  Antihuman immunoglobulin

Question 17

An antigen is fixed to a microscope slide,then incubated with patient serum.After washing,fluorescently labeled anti-human immunoglobulin is applied.After an additional wash,the slide is inspected with a fluorescent microscope.This technique is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  direct immunofluorescence. 
B)  indirect immunofluorescence. 
C)  fluorescence polarization. 
D)  autofluorescence. 
A)  direct immunofluorescence. 
B)  indirect immunofluorescence. 
C)  fluorescence polarization. 
D)  autofluorescence.

Question 18

Select the technique that would most likely be used to determine the concentration of a therapeutic drug.

Accepted Answer

A)  Radioimmunoassay 
B)  Chemiluminescent assay 
C)  Fluorescence polarization immunoassay 
D)  Enzyme immunoassay 
A)  Radioimmunoassay 
B)  Chemiluminescent assay 
C)  Fluorescence polarization immunoassay 
D)  Enzyme immunoassay

Question 19

Rheumatoid factor can cause false-positive results in which type of assay?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homogeneous competitive 
B)  Heterogeneous competitive 
C)  Homogeneous noncompetitive 
D)  Heterogeneous noncompetitive 
A)  Homogeneous competitive 
B)  Heterogeneous competitive 
C)  Homogeneous noncompetitive 
D)  Heterogeneous noncompetitive

Question 20

Compared to a heterogeneous assay,a homogeneous assay:

Accepted Answer

A)  is more sensitive. 
B)  requires more procedural steps. 
C)  is easier to adapt to automation. 
D)  is more specific. 
A)  is more sensitive. 
B)  requires more procedural steps. 
C)  is easier to adapt to automation. 
D)  is more specific.

Exam 11: Labeled Immunoassays

Indirect immunofluorescence is similar to which type of enzyme immunoassay in terms of the performance of the assay?

In the following equation,what is the ratio of bound radioactive (*)antigen to bound patient antigen (w:x)??8Ag* + 4Ag + 6Ab ---> (w)Ag*Ab + (x)AgAb + (y)Ag* + (z)Ag

You must choose between two widely accepted,commonly used colorimetric enzyme immunoassay kits to measure a plasma protein that circulates at a moderately high concentration.Each kit uses a different enzyme and substrate.What is the most important consideration in making your choice?

The standard method for detecting antinuclear antibodies (in certain autoimmune diseases)is:

Identify the characteristic associated with noncompetitive enzyme immunoassays.

Which assay poses the greatest risk of exposure to biohazards?

Which statement about noncompetitive enzyme immunoassays is true?

Which assay format is the best choice for measuring small molecules,such as drugs and small peptide hormones?

Compared with a capture assay,a radioimmunoassay is likely to be more advantageous in terms of:

Which assay format has the lowest equipment cost?

An immunoassay is performed in the following manner to look for an antigen (Ag)in the patient serum: Patient serum + labeled Ag + known antibody (Ab)are added together and incubated.Unbound material is washed off.The amount of labeled Ag is then measured.What assay is performed?

In the following equation,what is the ratio of free radioactive (*)antigen to free patient antigen (the ratio of y/z)after addition of the antibody and after all reactants have reached equilibrium??10 Ag* + 5 Ag + 3 Ab ---> (w)Ag*Ab + (x)AgAb + (y)Ag* + (z)Ag

In which of the following testing situations is there a direct relationship between the amount of bound label and the amount of patient antigen present?

Which compound would be an appropriate label in a chemiluminescent assay?

In a capture assay to determine the presence of a viral antigen in a patient sample,which of the following would be on solid phase?

An antigen is fixed to a microscope slide,then incubated with patient serum.After washing,fluorescently labeled anti-human immunoglobulin is applied.After an additional wash,the slide is inspected with a fluorescent microscope.This technique is called:

Select the technique that would most likely be used to determine the concentration of a therapeutic drug.

Rheumatoid factor can cause false-positive results in which type of assay?

Compared to a heterogeneous assay,a homogeneous assay:

Introduction to Immunity and the Immune System

Nature of Antigens and the Major Histocompatibility Complex

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Antibody Structure and Function

Cytokines

Complement System

Safety and Quality Management

Principles of Serological Testing

Precipitation and Agglutination Reactions

Molecular Diagnostic Techniques

Flow Cytometry and Laboratory Automation

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmunity

Transplantation Immunology

Tumor Immunology

Immunoproliferative Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Serological and Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections

Spirochete Diseases

Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Parasitic and Fungal Infections

Serology and Molecular Detection of Viral Infections

Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV Infection

Immunization and Vaccines

Filters

In the following equation,what is the ratio of bound radioactive ()antigen to bound patient antigen (w:x)??8Ag + 4Ag + 6Ab ---> (w)AgAb + (x)AgAb + (y)Ag + (z)Ag

In the following equation,what is the ratio of free radioactive ()antigen to free patient antigen (the ratio of y/z)after addition of the antibody and after all reactants have reached equilibrium??10 Ag + 5 Ag + 3 Ab ---> (w)AgAb + (x)AgAb + (y)Ag + (z)Ag