Question 1

Figuer:   
-Lizards and mammals are proposed in this cladogram to be more closely related than lizards and birds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The process by which species cease to exist

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
B)  is extinction. 
C)  has never occurred. 
D)  is speciation. 
E)  is occurring today at a faster rate than ever before. 
A)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
B)  is extinction. 
C)  has never occurred. 
D)  is speciation. 
E)  is occurring today at a faster rate than ever before.

Question 3

The scientist given credit for devising the two-word naming system is

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Darwin. 
B)  Louis Pasteur. 
C)  Aristotle. 
D)  Gregor Mendel. 
E)  Carolus Linnaeus. 
A)  Charles Darwin. 
B)  Louis Pasteur. 
C)  Aristotle. 
D)  Gregor Mendel. 
E)  Carolus Linnaeus.

Question 4

A monophyletic group is a group of organisms consisting of a common ancestor and all of its descendants,also known as a clade.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A group consisting of a common ancestor and all of its descendants is a

Accepted Answer

A)  genus. 
B)  order. 
C)  clade. 
D)  species. 
E)  phylum. 
A)  genus. 
B)  order. 
C)  clade. 
D)  species. 
E)  phylum.

Question 6

For given species or groups of species,some taxonomists and evolutionary biologists disagree on which common ancestry and evolutionary relationships may exist.They may hypothesize different common ancestors (nodes)or descendents (clades).Still,where fossil,or phenotype,or DNA sequence,or other factors make decisions difficult in preparing the cladogram,researchers commonly ensure their interpretation is the most

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive. 
B)  homozygous. 
C)  sympatric. 
D)  parsimonious. 
E)  heterozygous. 
A)  adaptive. 
B)  homozygous. 
C)  sympatric. 
D)  parsimonious. 
E)  heterozygous.

Question 7

Island species are especially vulnerable to extinction because _____ may destroy a small island population.

Accepted Answer

A)  the extinction of a prey species 
B)  the introduction of a new predator 
C)  a single event like a hurricane 
D)  random fluctuations in birth and death rates 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  the extinction of a prey species 
B)  the introduction of a new predator 
C)  a single event like a hurricane 
D)  random fluctuations in birth and death rates 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 8

Polyploidy means having

Accepted Answer

A)  only one set of chromosomes. 
B)  an abnormal number of two or more individual chromosomes. 
C)  three or more sets of chromosomes. 
D)  an abnormal number of one particular chromosome. 
E)  three or more chromosomes. 
A)  only one set of chromosomes. 
B)  an abnormal number of two or more individual chromosomes. 
C)  three or more sets of chromosomes. 
D)  an abnormal number of one particular chromosome. 
E)  three or more chromosomes.

Question 9

How did Bradshaw and Schemske alter the colors in generations of M.lewisii and M cardinalis,to test pollinator selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  by creating transgenic flowers with the desired color 
B)  by mating M. lewisii and M cardinalis and then crossing the hybrids to select for the desired color 
C)  by deleting the YUP locus, removing a specific pigment molecule 
D)  by duplicating the YUP locus, enhancing a specific pigment molecule 
E)  by collecting the rare, naturally occurring color variants of M. lewisii and M cardinalis in the wild 
A)  by creating transgenic flowers with the desired color 
B)  by mating M. lewisii and M cardinalis and then crossing the hybrids to select for the desired color 
C)  by deleting the YUP locus, removing a specific pigment molecule 
D)  by duplicating the YUP locus, enhancing a specific pigment molecule 
E)  by collecting the rare, naturally occurring color variants of M. lewisii and M cardinalis in the wild

Question 10

Ernst Mayr defined a biological species as a

Accepted Answer

A)  group of closely related organisms. 
B)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
C)  population or group of populations that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. 
D)  population, whose members can interbreed. 
E)  group of organisms that live in the same ecosystem, that can interbreed and produce offspring. 
A)  group of closely related organisms. 
B)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
C)  population or group of populations that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. 
D)  population, whose members can interbreed. 
E)  group of organisms that live in the same ecosystem, that can interbreed and produce offspring.

Question 11

In context of the information they present,phylogenies are

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary trees that depict species' relationships based on descent from shared ancestors. 
B)  family trees that follow parents and offspring of a species. 
C)  charts that show the presence or absence of disease in families. 
D)  visual hypotheses, or proposals, based on scientific examination of species traits or genetics. 
E)  both evolutionary trees, depicting species' relationships, and visual proposals based on examination of traits. 
A)  evolutionary trees that depict species' relationships based on descent from shared ancestors. 
B)  family trees that follow parents and offspring of a species. 
C)  charts that show the presence or absence of disease in families. 
D)  visual hypotheses, or proposals, based on scientific examination of species traits or genetics. 
E)  both evolutionary trees, depicting species' relationships, and visual proposals based on examination of traits.

Question 12

The impact of a large meteorite with Earth would have most likely caused mass extinctions by

Accepted Answer

A)  creating large clouds of dust that blocked out sunlight. 
B)  creating large clouds of dust that blocked out sunlight and destroying plant life. 
C)  causing a great prolonged rise in the earth's temperature and destroying plant life. 
D)  causing a great prolonged rise in the earth's temperature. 
E)  destroying plant life on earth. 
A)  creating large clouds of dust that blocked out sunlight. 
B)  creating large clouds of dust that blocked out sunlight and destroying plant life. 
C)  causing a great prolonged rise in the earth's temperature and destroying plant life. 
D)  causing a great prolonged rise in the earth's temperature. 
E)  destroying plant life on earth.

Question 13

Islands provide ideal opportunities to study speciation because

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection occurs more rapidly. 
B)  they are very large with diverse populations. 
C)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
D)  organisms cannot easily immigrate and emigrate. 
E)  the organisms have little competition and do not change. 
A)  natural selection occurs more rapidly. 
B)  they are very large with diverse populations. 
C)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
D)  organisms cannot easily immigrate and emigrate. 
E)  the organisms have little competition and do not change.

Question 14

In another chapter,you will learn of evidence that primates,especially fossil species in the Hominin group that apparently led to our current Homo sapiens sapiens species identity.Many of the fossils of pre-human species have been found where geologic evidence indicates changes in climate,habitat,and terrain.The theoretical relationships among the earlier "human" populations in response to changes,support

Accepted Answer

A)  parapatric speciation, where the survival of the populations had to rely on slow growth of their ranges. 
B)  gradualism, allowing species to develop mutations and gene pool changes at a uniform rate. 
C)  sympatric speciation, as the populations had to initially coexist before they diverged geographically from each other. 
D)  None of these answer options are supported by evidence in human evolutionary theory. 
E)  punctuated equilibrium, allowing selection that favored different traits of body form. 
A)  parapatric speciation, where the survival of the populations had to rely on slow growth of their ranges. 
B)  gradualism, allowing species to develop mutations and gene pool changes at a uniform rate. 
C)  sympatric speciation, as the populations had to initially coexist before they diverged geographically from each other. 
D)  None of these answer options are supported by evidence in human evolutionary theory. 
E)  punctuated equilibrium, allowing selection that favored different traits of body form.

Question 15

The correct sequence of taxonomic categories beginning with domain in descending order are

Accepted Answer

A)  domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species. 
B)  species - genus - family - order - class - order - phylum - kingdom - domain. 
C)  kingdom - class - phylum - order - family - genus - species. 
D)  kingdom - class - domain - order - phylum - genus - family - species. 
E)  species - family - genus - domain - order - phylum - class - kingdom. 
A)  domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species. 
B)  species - genus - family - order - class - order - phylum - kingdom - domain. 
C)  kingdom - class - phylum - order - family - genus - species. 
D)  kingdom - class - domain - order - phylum - genus - family - species. 
E)  species - family - genus - domain - order - phylum - class - kingdom.

Question 16

Postzygotic reproductive isolation prevents

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of gametes by one of the parents. 
B)  male gametes from joining with female gametes. 
C)  fertilization. 
D)  genetic exchange between populations by selecting against hybrid offspring. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  formation of gametes by one of the parents. 
B)  male gametes from joining with female gametes. 
C)  fertilization. 
D)  genetic exchange between populations by selecting against hybrid offspring. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 17

Formation of a tetraploid plant from two different diploid parental species of plants is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  adaptive radiation. 
C)  a prezygotic barrier to evolution. 
D)  punctuated equilibrium. 
E)  gradualism. 
A)  extinction. 
B)  adaptive radiation. 
C)  a prezygotic barrier to evolution. 
D)  punctuated equilibrium. 
E)  gradualism.

Question 18

Figuer:  
-Birds and mammals are both warm-blooded,and are

Accepted Answer

A)  common ancestors. 
B)  paraphyletic. 
C)  parsimonious. 
D)  polyphyletic. 
E)  monophyletic. 
A)  common ancestors. 
B)  paraphyletic. 
C)  parsimonious. 
D)  polyphyletic. 
E)  monophyletic.

Question 19

A group of species at any taxonomic rank in a phylogeny is a

Accepted Answer

A)  taxon. 
B)  genome. 
C)  clade. 
D)  hierarchy. 
E)  outgroup. 
A)  taxon. 
B)  genome. 
C)  clade. 
D)  hierarchy. 
E)  outgroup.

Question 20

The type of reproductive isolation in which two populations live in the same habitat but remain isolated from one another due to one being active during the daytime only and the other being active only during the night is

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical isolation. 
B)  temporal isolation. 
C)  behavioral isolation. 
D)  sexual selection. 
E)  gametic isolation. 
A)  mechanical isolation. 
B)  temporal isolation. 
C)  behavioral isolation. 
D)  sexual selection. 
E)  gametic isolation.

Exam 14: Speciation and Extinction

Figuer: -Lizards and mammals are proposed in this cladogram to be more closely related than lizards and birds.

The process by which species cease to exist

The scientist given credit for devising the two-word naming system is

A monophyletic group is a group of organisms consisting of a common ancestor and all of its descendants,also known as a clade.

A group consisting of a common ancestor and all of its descendants is a

Island species are especially vulnerable to extinction because _____ may destroy a small island population.

Polyploidy means having

How did Bradshaw and Schemske alter the colors in generations of M.lewisii and M cardinalis,to test pollinator selection?

Ernst Mayr defined a biological species as a

In context of the information they present,phylogenies are

The impact of a large meteorite with Earth would have most likely caused mass extinctions by

Islands provide ideal opportunities to study speciation because

The correct sequence of taxonomic categories beginning with domain in descending order are

Postzygotic reproductive isolation prevents

Formation of a tetraploid plant from two different diploid parental species of plants is an example of

Figuer: -Birds and mammals are both warm-blooded,and are

A group of species at any taxonomic rank in a phylogeny is a

The type of reproductive isolation in which two populations live in the same habitat but remain isolated from one another due to one being active during the daytime only and the other being active only during the night is

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