Question 1

The observation that freshwater habitats account for only 1% of the Earth's water,and they are home to 36% of the known species of fish is due to ____ speciation.

Accepted Answer

A)  parapatric 
B)  allopatric 
C)  prezygotic 
D)  postzygotic 
E)  sympatric 
A)  parapatric 
B)  allopatric 
C)  prezygotic 
D)  postzygotic 
E)  sympatric

Question 2

The idea that evolution proceeds with long periods of stasis with relatively brief bursts of fast evolutionary change is

Accepted Answer

A)  gradualism. 
B)  punctuated equilibrium. 
C)  temporal equilibrium. 
D)  catastrophism. 
E)  temporal isolation. 
A)  gradualism. 
B)  punctuated equilibrium. 
C)  temporal equilibrium. 
D)  catastrophism. 
E)  temporal isolation.

Question 3

Each branch on a cladogram is a clade distinguished by characteristics that appear only in its members.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The larger the initial population size,the less likely it will endure a major environmental change.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is not a type of prezygotic reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical isolation 
B)  hybrid infertility 
C)  gametic isolation 
D)  temporal isolation 
E)  ecological isolation 
A)  mechanical isolation 
B)  hybrid infertility 
C)  gametic isolation 
D)  temporal isolation 
E)  ecological isolation

Question 6

A tetraploid (i.e.,four sets of chromosomes)plant species is typically ______________,whereas a plant species with three sets of chromosomes is typically ______________.This difference is due to whether or not meiosis can be completed.

Accepted Answer

A)  small; large 
B)  large; small 
C)  fertile; infertile 
D)  rare; common 
E)  infertile; fertile 
A)  small; large 
B)  large; small 
C)  fertile; infertile 
D)  rare; common 
E)  infertile; fertile

Question 7

Species such as mice have a better chance of surviving sudden environmental change than elephants because elephants

Accepted Answer

A)  live longer than mice. 
B)  have a more selective diet than mice. 
C)  reproduce much more slowly than mice. 
D)  require larger habitats than mice. 
E)  eat more than mice. 
A)  live longer than mice. 
B)  have a more selective diet than mice. 
C)  reproduce much more slowly than mice. 
D)  require larger habitats than mice. 
E)  eat more than mice.

Question 8

Mules are considered to be a distinct species because they produce fertile offspring when mated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Scientists have a very complete fossil record showing the evolution of horses over millions of years,with the legs becoming longer and the teeth larger,as ancestors of the modern horse adapted from living in forest to grasslands.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  punctuated equilibrium. 
C)  adaptive radiation. 
D)  gradualism. 
E)  a prezygotic barrier to evolution. 
A)  extinction. 
B)  punctuated equilibrium. 
C)  adaptive radiation. 
D)  gradualism. 
E)  a prezygotic barrier to evolution.

Question 10

Conservation biologists are often concerned that when the population size of an endangered species becomes too small,it is at risk of extinction for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are at risk of developing prezygotic barriers to reproduction. 
B)  They can no longer evolve. 
C)  They may be more susceptible to changes in the environment or disease. 
D)  They are at risk of sympatric isolation. 
E)  Their rate of breeding will decline. 
A)  They are at risk of developing prezygotic barriers to reproduction. 
B)  They can no longer evolve. 
C)  They may be more susceptible to changes in the environment or disease. 
D)  They are at risk of sympatric isolation. 
E)  Their rate of breeding will decline.

Question 11

A sterile mule is produced by mating a horse and a donkey.From this observation you could conclude

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the number of mules in a population will affect the allele frequency in the next generation. 
B)  that horses and donkeys are different species. 
C)  that horses and donkeys are the same species. 
D)  that mules are a result of macroevolution. 
E)  the DNA sequences of horses and donkeys are more than 97% identical. 
A)  increasing the number of mules in a population will affect the allele frequency in the next generation. 
B)  that horses and donkeys are different species. 
C)  that horses and donkeys are the same species. 
D)  that mules are a result of macroevolution. 
E)  the DNA sequences of horses and donkeys are more than 97% identical.

Question 12

The process by which new species originate

Accepted Answer

A)  occurred for millions of years but is no longer occurring. 
B)  is extinction. 
C)  is germination. 
D)  occurred only once in Earth's history. 
E)  is speciation. 
A)  occurred for millions of years but is no longer occurring. 
B)  is extinction. 
C)  is germination. 
D)  occurred only once in Earth's history. 
E)  is speciation.

Question 13

Figuer:  
-Based on the cladogram,birds are most closely related to

Accepted Answer

A)  snakes. 
B)  dinosaurs. 
C)  crocodiles. 
D)  amphibians. 
E)  mammals. 
A)  snakes. 
B)  dinosaurs. 
C)  crocodiles. 
D)  amphibians. 
E)  mammals.

Question 14

Figuer:  
-When the researchers crossed M.lewisii and M.cardinalis,the hybrids had which genotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  yup 
B)  YUP/YUP 
C)  YUP 
D)  yup/yup 
E)  YUP/yup 
A)  yup 
B)  YUP/YUP 
C)  YUP 
D)  yup/yup 
E)  YUP/yup

Question 15

Figuer:   
-Mammals diverged from a common ancestor of all these vertebrates more recently than crocodiles diverged from a common ancestor of birds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Bacteria cannot be classified using the biological definition of a species for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria are asexual. 
B)  The DNA sequences of all bacteria are more than 97% identical. 
C)  Bacteria cannot reproduce. 
D)  Bacteria do not evolve. 
E)  Bacteria are present everywhere and cannot be reproductively isolated from other bacteria. 
A)  Bacteria are asexual. 
B)  The DNA sequences of all bacteria are more than 97% identical. 
C)  Bacteria cannot reproduce. 
D)  Bacteria do not evolve. 
E)  Bacteria are present everywhere and cannot be reproductively isolated from other bacteria.

Question 17

Hawthorn maggot flies that breed on native hawthorns or introduced European apples can mate in the lab,but rarely mate in the wild.This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  parapatric 
B)  sympatric 
C)  postzygotic 
D)  prezygotic 
E)  allopatric 
A)  parapatric 
B)  sympatric 
C)  postzygotic 
D)  prezygotic 
E)  allopatric

Question 18

The type of reproductive isolation in which offspring are infertile because their chromosomes cannot align correctly during meiosis due to a different number of chromosomes being inherited from each parent is

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical isolation. 
B)  temporal isolation. 
C)  hybrid inviability. 
D)  hybrid infertility. 
E)  gametic isolation. 
A)  mechanical isolation. 
B)  temporal isolation. 
C)  hybrid inviability. 
D)  hybrid infertility. 
E)  gametic isolation.

Question 19

Figuer:  
-From the data shown in the table,what can be concluded about the flower preferences of hummingbirds?

Accepted Answer

A)  They prefer red flowers in either monkeyflower species. 
B)  They prefer yellow-orange flowers of the mutant M. lewisii. 
C)  They strongly prefer M. cardinalis, no matter the color of the flowers. 
D)  They prefer pink flowers, regardless of the monkeyflower species. 
E)  They prefer M. lewisii, no matter the color of the flowers. 
A)  They prefer red flowers in either monkeyflower species. 
B)  They prefer yellow-orange flowers of the mutant M. lewisii. 
C)  They strongly prefer M. cardinalis, no matter the color of the flowers. 
D)  They prefer pink flowers, regardless of the monkeyflower species. 
E)  They prefer M. lewisii, no matter the color of the flowers.

Question 20

Figuer:  
-In the wild-type purple monkeyflower (i.e.,M.lewisii),the dominant YUP allele prevents carotenoids from forming,leaving the pinkish-purple anthocyanin pigments to provide the petal color.A wild-type scarlet monkeyflower (i.e.,M.cardinalis)has which genotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  yup/yup 
B)  YUP 
C)  YUP/YUP 
D)  YUP/yup 
E)  yup 
A)  yup/yup 
B)  YUP 
C)  YUP/YUP 
D)  YUP/yup 
E)  yup

Exam 14: Speciation and Extinction

The observation that freshwater habitats account for only 1% of the Earth's water,and they are home to 36% of the known species of fish is due to ____ speciation.

The idea that evolution proceeds with long periods of stasis with relatively brief bursts of fast evolutionary change is

Each branch on a cladogram is a clade distinguished by characteristics that appear only in its members.

The larger the initial population size,the less likely it will endure a major environmental change.

Which of the following is not a type of prezygotic reproductive isolation?

A tetraploid (i.e.,four sets of chromosomes)plant species is typically ______________,whereas a plant species with three sets of chromosomes is typically ______________.This difference is due to whether or not meiosis can be completed.

Species such as mice have a better chance of surviving sudden environmental change than elephants because elephants

Mules are considered to be a distinct species because they produce fertile offspring when mated.

Scientists have a very complete fossil record showing the evolution of horses over millions of years,with the legs becoming longer and the teeth larger,as ancestors of the modern horse adapted from living in forest to grasslands.This is an example of

Conservation biologists are often concerned that when the population size of an endangered species becomes too small,it is at risk of extinction for which reason?

A sterile mule is produced by mating a horse and a donkey.From this observation you could conclude

The process by which new species originate

Figuer: -Based on the cladogram,birds are most closely related to

Figuer: -When the researchers crossed M.lewisii and M.cardinalis,the hybrids had which genotype?

Figuer: -Mammals diverged from a common ancestor of all these vertebrates more recently than crocodiles diverged from a common ancestor of birds.

Bacteria cannot be classified using the biological definition of a species for which reason?

Hawthorn maggot flies that breed on native hawthorns or introduced European apples can mate in the lab,but rarely mate in the wild.This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.

The type of reproductive isolation in which offspring are infertile because their chromosomes cannot align correctly during meiosis due to a different number of chromosomes being inherited from each parent is

Figuer: -From the data shown in the table,what can be concluded about the flower preferences of hummingbirds?

Figuer: -In the wild-type purple monkeyflower (i.e.,M.lewisii),the dominant YUP allele prevents carotenoids from forming,leaving the pinkish-purple anthocyanin pigments to provide the petal color.A wild-type scarlet monkeyflower (i.e.,M.cardinalis)has which genotype?

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A tetraploid (i.e.,four sets of chromosomes)plant species is typically ,whereas a plant species with three sets of chromosomes is typically .This difference is due to whether or not meiosis can be completed.