Question 1

The descending arm of the loop of Henle is permeable to ____ but impermeable to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  water; potassium ions 
B)  water; sodium ions 
C)  sodium ions; water 
D)  potassium ions; water 
E)  All choices are incorrect. 
A)  water; potassium ions 
B)  water; sodium ions 
C)  sodium ions; water 
D)  potassium ions; water 
E)  All choices are incorrect.

Question 2

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Convection

Accepted Answer

A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus 
A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 3

Freshwater bony fishes continually produce a large volume of ______urine to counteract the effects of osmosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Freshwater bony fishes continually produce a large...

Question 4

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.
-Filtration of the blood occurs in association with this structure.

Accepted Answer

A) Bowman's capsule 
B) Proximal tubule 
C) Descending portion of loop of Henle 
D) Distal tubule 
A) Bowman's capsule 
B) Proximal tubule 
C) Descending portion of loop of Henle 
D) Distal tubule

Question 5

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.
-The glomerular capillaries are intimately associated with this structure.

Accepted Answer

A) Bowman's capsule 
B) Proximal tubule 
C) Descending portion of loop of Henle 
D) Distal tubule 
A) Bowman's capsule 
B) Proximal tubule 
C) Descending portion of loop of Henle 
D) Distal tubule

Question 6

For water to leave a kidney tubule by osmosis,the interstitial fluid around that region of tubule must be ____ relative to the filtrate inside the tubule.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertonic 
B)  hypotonic 
C)  isotonic 
D)  osmotic 
E)  permeable 
A)  hypertonic 
B)  hypotonic 
C)  isotonic 
D)  osmotic 
E)  permeable

Question 7

In humans,the thirst center is located in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal cortex 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  anterior pituitary 
D)  pons 
E)  thymus 
A)  adrenal cortex 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  anterior pituitary 
D)  pons 
E)  thymus

Question 8

An animal loses water by four of the following processes.Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bleeding 
B)  Excretion 
C)  Secretion 
D)  Exhalation 
E)  Inhalation 
A)  Bleeding 
B)  Excretion 
C)  Secretion 
D)  Exhalation 
E)  Inhalation

Question 9

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.
-This region of the tubule is impermeable to sodium exit.

Accepted Answer

A) Bowman's capsule 
B) Proximal tubule 
C) Descending portion of loop of Henle 
D) Distal tubule 
A) Bowman's capsule 
B) Proximal tubule 
C) Descending portion of loop of Henle 
D) Distal tubule

Question 10

What is a toxic metabolic waste product formed primarily by the breakdown of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kidney stones 
B)  Ammonia 
C)  Nephridia 
D)  Uric acid 
E)  Protonephridia 
A)  Kidney stones 
B)  Ammonia 
C)  Nephridia 
D)  Uric acid 
E)  Protonephridia

Question 11

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Nephron

Accepted Answer

A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus 
A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 12

The urinary system helps to maintain the extracellular fluid pH by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesizing buffers 
B)  retaining carbon dioxide in the filtrate 
C)  excreting excess hydrogen ions 
D)  combining hydrogen ions with urea 
E)  excreting filtrate 
A)  synthesizing buffers 
B)  retaining carbon dioxide in the filtrate 
C)  excreting excess hydrogen ions 
D)  combining hydrogen ions with urea 
E)  excreting filtrate

Question 13

__________ and __________ fluid are the main components of extracellular fluid in vertebrates.

Accepted Answer

Plasma; in

Exam 40: Maintaining the Internal Environment

The descending arm of the loop of Henle is permeable to ____ but impermeable to ____.

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Convection

Freshwater bony fishes continually produce a large volume of ______urine to counteract the effects of osmosis.

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below. -Filtration of the blood occurs in association with this structure.

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below. -The glomerular capillaries are intimately associated with this structure.

For water to leave a kidney tubule by osmosis,the interstitial fluid around that region of tubule must be ____ relative to the filtrate inside the tubule.

In humans,the thirst center is located in the ____.

An animal loses water by four of the following processes.Which one is the exception?

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below. -This region of the tubule is impermeable to sodium exit.

What is a toxic metabolic waste product formed primarily by the breakdown of proteins?

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Nephron

The urinary system helps to maintain the extracellular fluid pH by ____.

__________ and __________ fluid are the main components of extracellular fluid in vertebrates.

Invitation to Biology

Life's Chemical Bases

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where it Starts—Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizing Information about Species

Life's Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protists: The Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution: The Invertebrates

Animal Evolution: The Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Animal Reproductive System

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters

The descending arm of the loop of Henle is permeable to but impermeable to .

and fluid are the main components of extracellular fluid in vertebrates.