Question 1

Figure 40.12A
Use the figure above showing a marine bony fish to answer the following question.
-Blanks "C" and "D" should be labeled,respectively,_____.

Accepted Answer

A)  in; large 
B)  in; small 
C)  out; large 
D)  out; small 
E)  in; equal 
A)  in; large 
B)  in; small 
C)  out; large 
D)  out; small 
E)  in; equal

Question 2

In insects and spiders,__________ take up fluid,uric acid,and solutes from the blood and deliver them to the gut.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In insects and spiders,__________ take up fluid,uric...

Question 3

Marine bony fish __________ water by osmosis,while freshwater bony fish __________ water by osmosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marine bony fish __________ water by osmosis,while...

Question 4

Figure 40.2
  
-In the above illustration of fluid regulation in a planarian,the letter "A" represents which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleus of the flame cell 
B)  Small capillaries that allow water to freely diffuse into the planarian 
C)  Sexual reproductive organ 
D)  Cilia to draw fluid into the planarian 
E)  Funnel to collect fluid 
A)  Nucleus of the flame cell 
B)  Small capillaries that allow water to freely diffuse into the planarian 
C)  Sexual reproductive organ 
D)  Cilia to draw fluid into the planarian 
E)  Funnel to collect fluid

Question 5

The first step in urine formation is when blood pressure forces protein-free plasma out of glomerular capillaries and into ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  the loop of Henle 
C)  the proximal tubule 
D)  the distal tubule 
E)  the plasma 
A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  the loop of Henle 
C)  the proximal tubule 
D)  the distal tubule 
E)  the plasma

Question 6

____ is a passive transport plasma membrane protein that forms a pore through which water (but not solutes)can flow freely across the membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  A sodium ion 
C)  Ketone bodies 
D)  Aquaporin 
E)  Angiotensinogen 
A)  ADH 
B)  A sodium ion 
C)  Ketone bodies 
D)  Aquaporin 
E)  Angiotensinogen

Question 7

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Glomerular filtration

Accepted Answer

A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus 
A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 8

The primary thermostat of the body is located in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  pons 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  medulla oblongata 
D)  thymus 
E)  thyroid gland 
A)  pons 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  medulla oblongata 
D)  thymus 
E)  thyroid gland

Question 9

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.
-Sodium ions are actively transported out from this region.

Accepted Answer

A) Bowman's capsule 
B) Proximal tubule 
C) Descending portion of loop of Henle 
D) Distal tubule 
A) Bowman's capsule 
B) Proximal tubule 
C) Descending portion of loop of Henle 
D) Distal tubule

Question 10

The process of substances moving from the filtrate inside a kidney tubule into the peritubular capillaries is called ________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular filtration 
B)  tubular reabsorption 
C)  tubular secretion 
D)  antidiuresis 
E)  aldosterone processing 
A)  glomerular filtration 
B)  tubular reabsorption 
C)  tubular secretion 
D)  antidiuresis 
E)  aldosterone processing

Question 11

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-ADH

Accepted Answer

A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus 
A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 12

A rise in sodium levels and extracellular volume leads to a rise in blood pressure.As a result,____.

Accepted Answer

A)  renin levels rise, but aldosterone levels fall 
B)  renin levels fall, but angiotensin levels rise 
C)  renin and aldosterone levels rise 
D)  renin and aldosterone levels drop 
E)  renin levels drop, but aldosterone levels remain the same 
A)  renin levels rise, but aldosterone levels fall 
B)  renin levels fall, but angiotensin levels rise 
C)  renin and aldosterone levels rise 
D)  renin and aldosterone levels drop 
E)  renin levels drop, but aldosterone levels remain the same

Question 13

Blood pressure drives the first step in urine formation,called _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  tubular reabsorption 
B)  antidiaresis 
C)  tubular secretion 
D)  glomerular filtration 
E)  aldosterone processing 
A)  tubular reabsorption 
B)  antidiaresis 
C)  tubular secretion 
D)  glomerular filtration 
E)  aldosterone processing

Question 14

A kidney dialysis machine ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  may cleanse the patient's blood outside the body 
B)  may use the patient's chest cavity as the site for solute exchange 
C)  replaces solutes in blood lost by urination 
D)  used by patients after a kidney transplant 
E)  is used to treat kidney stones 
A)  may cleanse the patient's blood outside the body 
B)  may use the patient's chest cavity as the site for solute exchange 
C)  replaces solutes in blood lost by urination 
D)  used by patients after a kidney transplant 
E)  is used to treat kidney stones

Question 15

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Tubular secretion

Accepted Answer

A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus 
A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 16

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Estivation

Accepted Answer

A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus 
A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 17

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Ectothermic

Accepted Answer

A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus 
A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 18

Figure 40.3
  
-In the above illustration of fluid regulation in an earthworm,the letter "B" represents which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The excretory pore 
B)  Nephridium tubules 
C)  The storage bladder 
D)  The ureter 
E)  Funnel to collect fluid 
A)  The excretory pore 
B)  Nephridium tubules 
C)  The storage bladder 
D)  The ureter 
E)  Funnel to collect fluid

Question 19

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Conduction

Accepted Answer

A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus 
A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 20

Long-term exposure to cold can alter metabolism and encourage __________ in which brown adipose tissue produces heat.

Accepted Answer

nonshiveri

Exam 40: Maintaining the Internal Environment

Figure 40.12A Use the figure above showing a marine bony fish to answer the following question. -Blanks "C" and "D" should be labeled,respectively,_____.

In insects and spiders,__________ take up fluid,uric acid,and solutes from the blood and deliver them to the gut.

Marine bony fish __________ water by osmosis,while freshwater bony fish __________ water by osmosis.

Figure 40.2 -In the above illustration of fluid regulation in a planarian,the letter "A" represents which of the following?

The first step in urine formation is when blood pressure forces protein-free plasma out of glomerular capillaries and into ____.

____ is a passive transport plasma membrane protein that forms a pore through which water (but not solutes)can flow freely across the membrane.

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Glomerular filtration

The primary thermostat of the body is located in the ____.

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below. -Sodium ions are actively transported out from this region.

The process of substances moving from the filtrate inside a kidney tubule into the peritubular capillaries is called ________________________.

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -ADH

A rise in sodium levels and extracellular volume leads to a rise in blood pressure.As a result,____.

Blood pressure drives the first step in urine formation,called _____________________.

A kidney dialysis machine ____.

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Tubular secretion

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Estivation

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Ectothermic

Figure 40.3 -In the above illustration of fluid regulation in an earthworm,the letter "B" represents which of the following?

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Conduction

Long-term exposure to cold can alter metabolism and encourage __________ in which brown adipose tissue produces heat.

Invitation to Biology

Life's Chemical Bases

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where it Starts—Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizing Information about Species

Life's Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protists: The Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution: The Invertebrates

Animal Evolution: The Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Animal Reproductive System

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters

Marine bony fish water by osmosis,while freshwater bony fish water by osmosis.