Exam 38: Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

A person who gets "hung up" on using a familiar object only in one certain way is exhibiting

At first amateur naturalists painfully identify the birds,butterflies,mammals,or plants they find by mechanically searching through published field guides.In time,those who persist begin to identify more and more species from memory and others based on the general properties they have learned through experience.These amateurs who base their identifications on the general properties of the species observed are using which type of problem-solving?

At the highest skill levels,expert chess players

Nikki is in the second grade and is given the following problem to solve: John has 15 apples,Amy has 10 apples,and Chris has 5 apples.How many apples do John and Chris have altogether? Nikki adds the apples for all three people,using the irrelevant information about Amy's number of apples.Thus,according to Davidson,Nikki is displaying a lack of

A mechanical solution to a problem is one in which

Regarding heuristics,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Two examples of mechanical solutions are

An instructor concentrates so much on the information to be put on her powerpoint slide that she fails to note the need to use contrast for easy visibility of the text.In attempting to solve the problem of creating effective slides for her students,this instructor is exhibiting which type of barrier to problem solving?

You and a friend are presented with the problem of how you could determine how much gold would match a statue's weight without using a balance scale.You suddenly remember the story of how Archimedes determined the amount of gold in a crown by the amount of water it displaced.Your friend tells you that he solved the problem using the same method because he remembered the Chinese fable about how the villagers were able to weigh an elephant.You and your friend both solved the problem using

Psychologist Janet Davidson believes that insight involves the three abilities of selective combination,selective comparison,and selective _______.

Describe and give an example of each of the four barriers to problem-solving.

According to Davidson,a person who is able to ignore distractions and focus on information necessary to solve a problem is good at

Although Gabe knows the answer to the algebra problem,he cannot seem to work out the steps and reach his desired goal.So,Gabe tries working backward from the answer to the starting point.This strategy describes a

One barrier to the use of group learning in the American classrooms is the view by some parents and teachers that students should strive for independence and self-sufficiency in their learning.Thus,the barrier to the use of group learning would be classified as a(n) _______ barrier.

A student who takes a multiple-choice test by reading the stem of each item,looking for key words,and generating a tentative response before looking at the responses.This helps the student narrow down the possible answers. This student is using

One of the ways we can avoid fixations in problem-solving would be to

A cultural barrier to creative problem-solving would involve

If you have ever been without a screwdriver and took a dime out of your pocket and used it to loosen a screw,then you did not let which of the following be a barrier to your thinking?

When you made a poor grade on history in high school,you made sure you read the Chapter s twice before taking the next test.Although this strategy has NOT worked in college,you continue this INEFFECTIVE strategy,disregarding the instructor's study advice.Your continued poor performance on tests is due to

Experts base their skills on all of the following EXCEPT