Chat with AIExam 6: Section 1: Memory
What is a flashbulb memory, and in what ways is it similar to and/or different from an ordinary memory?
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VerifiedThe answer should include the following information: A flashbulb memory is thought to involve the recall of very specific details or images of a significant, rare, or vivid event resulting in a long-lasting memory for that event. While flashbulb memories can seem very vivid, they do not appear to be that different from ordinary memories. Just like regular memories, we remember some details and forget some information. However, what makes flashbulb memories different is that we are very confident in the accuracy of those memories over time.
Describe at least four strategies that can be used to enhance memory.
(28) VerifiedThe answer should include the following information: First, it is important to commit the necessary time to learning new material. The more time that is spent learning the material, the better you will understand it and the longer you will remember it. Second, the information should be organized to enhance storage in long-term memory. We tend to categorize information, and the organization process facilitates doing so. Third, elaborating on the material will enhance recall. Engaging in elaborative rehearsal and actively processing the information for meaning facilitates the process of memory. Actively questioning new information and thinking about its implications in the context of what you already know will enhance the storage of information. Fourth, explaining the information to a friend or family member after you have studied a body of information can help integrate those new memories. Fifth, visual imagery enhances memory. Making drawings can help with the memory formation process. Sixth, eliminating interference with memories of similar information can stimulate memory formation. Interference can be minimized by breaking a chapter into manageable sections and then learning key information one section at a time. Finally, it is important to counteract the serial position effect. We tend to remember information at the beginning and end of a unit of information; spend more time on the middle portion of the material to enhance long-term memory.
Identify the role played by at least three brain structures involved in memory.
(35) VerifiedThe answer should include the following information: The hippocampus is crucial for encoding and transferring new memories for events and information from short-term to long-term memory. Evidence suggests that the cerebellum is involved in classically conditioning simple reflexes (e.g., the eye-blink reflex). The cerebellum is also involved in procedural memories and other motor skill memories. The amygdala is involved in encoding and storing the emotional qualities associated with particular memories (e.g., fear or anger). The frontal lobes are involved in retrieving and organizing information that is associated with autobiographical and episodic memories, while the prefrontal cortex appears to be involved in working memory. Finally, the medial temporal lobes appear to be involved in encoding complex memories and linking information stored in multiple brain regions.
Briefly describe the stage model of memory, and explain how the memory stages interact.
(39) Summarize what has been learned about memory from the famous case of H.M.
(31) Describe two forms of the encoding specificity principle, and give an example of each.
(38) Your textbook lists seven factors that can contribute to the development of false memories. Pick four factors and explain them, giving an example of each.
(35) Define imagination inflation, and describe how it has been created experimentally.
(36) Describe Richard F. Thompson's work on the classically conditioned eye blink response.
(38) What do tip-of-the-tongue experiences demonstrate about retrieval cues?
(35) Devon, age 12, watched his grandfather fall from the roof of his house. Two days later, Devon's grandfather died from his injuries. Melody, Devon's mother, has been told that traumatic memories are usually repressed and, therefore, Devon won't be able to recall this horrific event. According to the Critical Thinking box: "The Memory Wars: Recovered or False Memories" in your text, why is Melody's assumption incorrect?
(39) Identify and describe at least two factors that seem to influence forgetting.
(45) Compare and contrast the characteristics of suppression and repression, giving an example of each.
(33) Describe the conditions that lead to long-term potentiation, and describe what happens within the neural circuit that is strengthened.
(37) Using what you have learned about memory, explain why multiple-choice, matching, and fill-in-the-blank questions are easier to answer than essay questions.
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