Question 1

According to the evolutionary perspective, many wild animals overeat when food is available. What explains this trend?

Accepted Answer

A) Weaker but rapidly multiplying species tend to overeat, which makes them less agile but less vulnerable to larger predators, who reproduce more slowly. 
B) Overeating promotes an insulating layer of fat that traps body heat and allows the species to survive in a wider range of cold climates. 
C) Overeating helps build energy reserves for times when food may be scarce or unavailable. 
D) Species that engage in overeating have evolved so that they have high basal metabolic rates and do not hibernate, qualities that utilize the excess calories and promote survival. 
A) Weaker but rapidly multiplying species tend to overeat, which makes them less agile but less vulnerable to larger predators, who reproduce more slowly. 
B) Overeating promotes an insulating layer of fat that traps body heat and allows the species to survive in a wider range of cold climates. 
C) Overeating helps build energy reserves for times when food may be scarce or unavailable. 
D) Species that engage in overeating have evolved so that they have high basal metabolic rates and do not hibernate, qualities that utilize the excess calories and promote survival. C

Question 2

Psychologist Peter Gollwitzer developed an approach that helps people achieve their goals. What are the two key strategies of Gollwitzer's approach?

Accepted Answer

A) creating mastery experiences and developing self-efficacy 
B) meeting basic needs and achieving self-actualization 
C) developing competence and achieving autonomy 
D) forming goal intentions and creating implementation intentions 
A) creating mastery experiences and developing self-efficacy 
B) meeting basic needs and achieving self-actualization 
C) developing competence and achieving autonomy 
D) forming goal intentions and creating implementation intentions D

Question 3

Research indicates that children who are born blind and deaf will:

Accepted Answer

A) be unable to express the basic emotions. 
B) only display extreme emotions, such as anger and exuberance. 
C) express emotions such as joy, anger, and pleasure using the same facial expressions as other children. 
D) display the social smile at birth but show no other signs of emotional expression. 
A) be unable to express the basic emotions. 
B) only display extreme emotions, such as anger and exuberance. 
C) express emotions such as joy, anger, and pleasure using the same facial expressions as other children. 
D) display the social smile at birth but show no other signs of emotional expression. C

Question 4

Glucose is:

Accepted Answer

A) the hormone produced by fat cells that signals the hypothalamus to regulate hunger and eating behavior. 
B) the neurotransmitter that promotes satiation and produces feelings of fullness as you eat. 
C) also called the "hunger hormone" because its presence in the lining of the stomach strongly stimulates appetite. 
D) also called blood sugar and is the primary source of energy in your body. 
A) the hormone produced by fat cells that signals the hypothalamus to regulate hunger and eating behavior. 
B) the neurotransmitter that promotes satiation and produces feelings of fullness as you eat. 
C) also called the "hunger hormone" because its presence in the lining of the stomach strongly stimulates appetite. 
D) also called blood sugar and is the primary source of energy in your body.

Question 5

According to the _____ perspective, our ancestral heritage may influence patterns of human behavior, such as eating behavior or the expression of emotions.

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive-appraisal theory 
B) evolutionary 
C) anthropomorphic approach 
D) evolutionary perspective 
A) cognitive-appraisal theory 
B) evolutionary 
C) anthropomorphic approach 
D) evolutionary perspective

Question 6

Measures of achievement motivation are correlated with all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) productivity and worker output. 
B) relationship satisfaction. 
C) job performance. 
D) academic success. 
A) productivity and worker output. 
B) relationship satisfaction. 
C) job performance. 
D) academic success.

Question 7

Which three characteristics are commonly associated with motivation?

Accepted Answer

A) self-fulfillment, self-actualization, and self-efficacy 
B) activation, persistence, and intensity 
C) autonomy, competence, and relatedness 
D) drive, incentive, and arousal 
A) self-fulfillment, self-actualization, and self-efficacy 
B) activation, persistence, and intensity 
C) autonomy, competence, and relatedness 
D) drive, incentive, and arousal

Question 8

Charles Darwin:

Accepted Answer

A) contended that nonhuman animals do not experience emotions. 
B) believed that anthropomorphism was the best methodology for scientifically investigating emotions in nonhuman animals. 
C) believed that the capacity to experience emotion is an evolved trait that humans share with lower animals. 
D) argued that emotional expression in humans is completely different from the instinctive displays of nonhuman animals. 
A) contended that nonhuman animals do not experience emotions. 
B) believed that anthropomorphism was the best methodology for scientifically investigating emotions in nonhuman animals. 
C) believed that the capacity to experience emotion is an evolved trait that humans share with lower animals. 
D) argued that emotional expression in humans is completely different from the instinctive displays of nonhuman animals.

Question 9

Marshall sleeps, on average, five hours per night. Compared to adults who sleep seven to eight hours a night, Marshall is 50 percent more likely to:

Accepted Answer

A) be underweight. 
B) lose weight but gain it back. 
C) be obese. 
D) have a high basal metabolic rate. 
A) be underweight. 
B) lose weight but gain it back. 
C) be obese. 
D) have a high basal metabolic rate.

Question 10

Bae walked into a haunted house and immediately encountered an individual who appeared to have most of his face missing. Which brain structure was likely activated immediately when Bae encountered this frightening face?

Accepted Answer

A) the hypothalamus 
B) the amygdala 
C) the cerebellum 
D) the medulla 
A) the hypothalamus 
B) the amygdala 
C) the cerebellum 
D) the medulla

Question 11

Karen has a BMI of 28, which means that she is:

Accepted Answer

A) underweight. 
B) in the healthy weight range. 
C) overweight, but not obese. 
D) obese. 
A) underweight. 
B) in the healthy weight range. 
C) overweight, but not obese. 
D) obese.

Question 12

_____ argued that the differences in emotional experience between animals and humans are a matter of degree, not kind.

Accepted Answer

A) William James 
B) Abraham Maslow 
C) Charles Darwin 
D) B. F. Skinner 
A) William James 
B) Abraham Maslow 
C) Charles Darwin 
D) B. F. Skinner

Question 13

Focus on Neuroscience: Emotions and the Brain described a PET-scan study by researcher Antonio Damasio and his colleagues. The study found that, when participants recalled an emotionally charged memory:

Accepted Answer

A) internal brain changes occurred after the participant reported subjectively feeling the emotion. 
B) there was an increase in brain levels of the neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY). 
C) there was an increase in brain levels of the neurotransmitter cholecystokinin (CCK). 
D) internal brain changes occurred before the participant reported subjectively feeling the emotion. 
A) internal brain changes occurred after the participant reported subjectively feeling the emotion. 
B) there was an increase in brain levels of the neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY). 
C) there was an increase in brain levels of the neurotransmitter cholecystokinin (CCK). 
D) internal brain changes occurred before the participant reported subjectively feeling the emotion.

Question 14

In a study comparing normal-weight versus obese individuals, researchers found that the obese participants had significantly:

Accepted Answer

A) fewer dopamine receptors in their brains. 
B) lower levels of the neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY) in various brain areas, most notably the hypothalamus. 
C) more dopamine receptors in their brains. 
D) higher levels of the neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY) in various brain areas, most notably the hypothalamus. 
A) fewer dopamine receptors in their brains. 
B) lower levels of the neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY) in various brain areas, most notably the hypothalamus. 
C) more dopamine receptors in their brains. 
D) higher levels of the neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY) in various brain areas, most notably the hypothalamus.

Question 15

Psychologists define the term _____ as a complex psychological state that involves subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response.

Accepted Answer

A) motivation 
B) emotion 
C) self-efficacy 
D) anthropomorphism 
A) motivation 
B) emotion 
C) self-efficacy 
D) anthropomorphism

Question 16

When Graham was taking his first ride up the steep slope at the beginning of the Mighty Mouse Roller Coaster ride, he became aware of his high level of physiological arousal. He then began to feel very fearful. The sequence of events in Graham's emotional experience reflects _____ theory of emotion.

Accepted Answer

A) Schachter and Singer's two-factor 
B) Walter Cannon's theory 
C) the James-Lange 
D) the instinct or evolutionary 
A) Schachter and Singer's two-factor 
B) Walter Cannon's theory 
C) the James-Lange 
D) the instinct or evolutionary

Question 17

High blood levels of the hormone ghrelin:

Accepted Answer

A) cause negative energy balance and loss of weight. 
B) stimulate appetite and eating behavior. 
C) cause a loss of appetite and suppression of normal eating behavior. 
D) increase the sensitivity of stomach receptors, promote satiation, and reduce or stop eating behavior. 
A) cause negative energy balance and loss of weight. 
B) stimulate appetite and eating behavior. 
C) cause a loss of appetite and suppression of normal eating behavior. 
D) increase the sensitivity of stomach receptors, promote satiation, and reduce or stop eating behavior.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of Maslow's theory of motivation?

Accepted Answer

A) Maslow's initial studies on self-actualization were based on limited samples and often relied on the life stories of acquaintances and biographies and autobiographies of historical figures he selected. 
B) The concept of self-actualization is vague and almost impossible to define in such a way that it could be empirically measured or tested. 
C) Despite the claim that self-actualization is an inborn motivational goal, most people do not experience or achieve self-actualization. 
D) Because of Maslow's influence, psychology was encouraged to focus on the motivation and development of psychologically healthy people. 
A) Maslow's initial studies on self-actualization were based on limited samples and often relied on the life stories of acquaintances and biographies and autobiographies of historical figures he selected. 
B) The concept of self-actualization is vague and almost impossible to define in such a way that it could be empirically measured or tested. 
C) Despite the claim that self-actualization is an inborn motivational goal, most people do not experience or achieve self-actualization. 
D) Because of Maslow's influence, psychology was encouraged to focus on the motivation and development of psychologically healthy people.

Question 19

The desire to engage in tasks that the person finds inherently satisfying and enjoyable, novel, or optimally challenging is called _____ motivation.

Accepted Answer

A) intrinsic 
B) extrinsic 
C) acquired 
D) dominance 
A) intrinsic 
B) extrinsic 
C) acquired 
D) dominance

Question 20

MOST researchers conclude that basic emotions consist of:

Accepted Answer

A) happiness, disgust, rage, and relaxation. 
B) guilt, pride, embarrassment, and envy 
C) regret, fear, guilt, contentment, rage, resentment, pity, and joy. 
D) sadness, happiness, disgust, fear, surprise, and anger. 
A) happiness, disgust, rage, and relaxation. 
B) guilt, pride, embarrassment, and envy 
C) regret, fear, guilt, contentment, rage, resentment, pity, and joy. 
D) sadness, happiness, disgust, fear, surprise, and anger.

Exam 8: Section 5: Motivation and Emotion

According to the evolutionary perspective, many wild animals overeat when food is available. What explains this trend?

Psychologist Peter Gollwitzer developed an approach that helps people achieve their goals. What are the two key strategies of Gollwitzer's approach?

Research indicates that children who are born blind and deaf will:

Glucose is:

According to the _____ perspective, our ancestral heritage may influence patterns of human behavior, such as eating behavior or the expression of emotions.

Measures of achievement motivation are correlated with all of the following EXCEPT:

Which three characteristics are commonly associated with motivation?

Charles Darwin:

Marshall sleeps, on average, five hours per night. Compared to adults who sleep seven to eight hours a night, Marshall is 50 percent more likely to:

Bae walked into a haunted house and immediately encountered an individual who appeared to have most of his face missing. Which brain structure was likely activated immediately when Bae encountered this frightening face?

Karen has a BMI of 28, which means that she is:

_____ argued that the differences in emotional experience between animals and humans are a matter of degree, not kind.

Focus on Neuroscience: Emotions and the Brain described a PET-scan study by researcher Antonio Damasio and his colleagues. The study found that, when participants recalled an emotionally charged memory:

In a study comparing normal-weight versus obese individuals, researchers found that the obese participants had significantly:

Psychologists define the term _____ as a complex psychological state that involves subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response.

High blood levels of the hormone ghrelin:

Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of Maslow's theory of motivation?

The desire to engage in tasks that the person finds inherently satisfying and enjoyable, novel, or optimally challenging is called _____ motivation.

MOST researchers conclude that basic emotions consist of:

Section 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 4: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 5: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 5: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5: Learning

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 1: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 1: Motivation and Emotion

Section 2: Motivation and Emotion

Section 3: Motivation and Emotion

Section 4: Motivation and Emotion

Section 1: Lifespan Development

Section 2: Lifespan Development

Section 3: Lifespan Development

Section 4: Lifespan Development

Section 5: Lifespan Development

Section 1: Personality

Section 2: Personality

Section 3: Personality

Section 4: Personality

Section 5: Personality

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 5: Social Psychology

Section 1: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 2: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 3: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 4: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 5: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 1: Psychological Disorders