Exam 1: Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods

Physiology is a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms, including humans.

René Descartes promoted a doctrine called interactive monism, an idea that the mind and the body are one entity that produces sensations, emotions, and other conscious experiences.

In one natural experiment investigating weight gain during the first year of college, it was found that female students who were assigned to dormitories with on-site dining facilities gained more weight and exercised less than students who were assigned to dormitories without food services.

Descriptive research includes correlational studies, case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observation.

A sample is always representative of the population from which it is taken.

Independent variable is to dependent variable as deliberately varied is to measured.

Studying the differences among various cultures that exist in the world today and examining their influence on behavior are the fundamental goals of cross-cultural psychology.

Dr. Rice studies the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of different types of psychological disorders, such as anxiety, major depressive disorder, and eating disorder. She is most likely a clinical psychologist.

Individualistic cultures emphasize the importance of the needs and goals of the group over those of an individual.

Many cultures are neither completely individualistic nor completely collectivistic, but fall somewhere between the two extremes.

Culture is a broad term that refers to the attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people and communicated from one generation to another.

The humanistic perspective of psychology focuses on the motivation of people to grow psychologically.

In an experiment, the group of participants who are exposed to all the experimental conditions, including the independent variable, is called the experimental group or experimental condition.

The use of anecdotes or testimonials is a common strategy in promoting pseudoscientific claims.

A negative correlation is one in which both factors decrease together.

When pseudoscientists fail to deliver on their promises they invariably offer a variety of excuses, a strategy called "multiple outs."

Charles Darwin was the author of the landmark book on evolution entitled On the Origin of Species.

To promote greater tolerance and acceptance of cultural differences, ethnocentrism should be encouraged.

Evolutionary psychology is most interested in the evolution of the unconscious into consciousness.

Physiology is the idea that mind and body are separate entities.