Chat with AIExam 2: Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior
What are the functions of the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system?
(36) 
VerifiedThe answer should include the following information: The involuntary functions regulated by the autonomic nervous system are controlled by two different branches of the system: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. These systems offer opposing control of many of the same organs in your body. In general, the sympathetic nervous system arouses the body to expend energy (for "fight or flight") while the parasympathetic nervous system is involved in energy conservation. The sympathetic nervous system represents the body's emergency system that allows rapid activation of bodily systems in response to emergencies or threats in the environment. This system stimulates rapid heart rate, breathing, and bronchial dilation in the lungs; digestion and salivation are slowed or stopped, the pupils dilate and oxygen to the muscles and brain increases. On the other hand, the parasympathetic nervous system conserves bodily resources allowing one to "rest and digest." It calms the nervous system down following some type of emergency. The system causes declines in heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure, pupils constrict back to a more normal size, salivation, and digestion begin to increase.
What is the hypothalamus? What roles does it play?
(34) VerifiedThe answer should include the following information: The hypothalamus is involved in many different functions regulating the autonomic nervous system and heart rate as well as blood pressure. It is also involved in the regulation of behaviors related to survival, like eating, drinking, frequency of sexual activity, fear, and aggression. It is also important for the regulation of sleep-wake cycles and other circadian rhythms of the body.
Assume that you are going to learn a challenging new skill, such as juggling or a complicated video game. According to research presented in your textbook, how long does it take for learning to transfer into structural changes in the brain?
(32) VerifiedThe answer should include the following information: In a recent study (2012), researchers were able to detect tiny structural changes in the hippocampus after participants spent just two hours playing a new video game that involved spatial learning and memory. Therefore, you may experience slight changes in the brain after as few as two hours spent learning a challenging new skill. Other research demonstrates measurable structural changes after three months of practicing a new skill.
Describe the goals of the Human Connectome Project, the diffusion spectrum imaging technique, and the challenges faced by the Project.
(43) Describe the differences in male and female brains and discuss what conclusions can be drawn from research on gender differences and the brain.
(25) What contributions did Pierre Paul Broca and Karl Wernicke make to the understanding of the brain?
(36) Select two neurotransmitters and describe their influence on behavior.
(39) What are the three basic components of a neuron, and what function does each component perform?
(42) Distinguish between cortical localization and lateralization of function and give an example of each.
(38) Identify the four lobes of each cerebral hemisphere and summarize the function associated with each lobe.
(30) Describe the sequence of events that occurs when one neuron communicates with another neuron.
(35) What are the key structures of the hindbrain and what roles do they play?
(33) What are the key structures of the midbrain and what roles do they play?
(32) Compare the effects on rats of being raised in an enriched versus an impoverished environment.
(45) 
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