Question 1

Which of the following statements about psychologists is true?

Accepted Answer

A) They focus exclusively on treating psychological disorders and problems. 
B) They are interested in both normal and abnormal behaviors. 
C) All psychologists can prescribe medication. 
D) All psychologists have a doctorate in their field of study. 
A) They focus exclusively on treating psychological disorders and problems. 
B) They are interested in both normal and abnormal behaviors. 
C) All psychologists can prescribe medication. 
D) All psychologists have a doctorate in their field of study. B

Question 2

Wilhelm Wundt:

Accepted Answer

A) was Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson's mentor. 
B) proposed a doctrine called interactive dualism-the idea that mind and body were separate entities. 
C) was the founder of physiology-a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms. 
D) defined psychology as the study of consciousness and emphasized the use of experimental methods to study and measure it. 
A) was Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson's mentor. 
B) proposed a doctrine called interactive dualism-the idea that mind and body were separate entities. 
C) was the founder of physiology-a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms. 
D) defined psychology as the study of consciousness and emphasized the use of experimental methods to study and measure it. D

Question 3

Which of the following is not a key provision in the most recent APA ethnical principles regulating research with human participants?

Accepted Answer

A) informed consent 
B) use of deception 
C) debriefing 
D) paying participants for their time 
A) informed consent 
B) use of deception 
C) debriefing 
D) paying participants for their time D

Question 4

Who among the following individuals was NOT a key scientist in the development of behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

A) Sigmund Freud 
B) Ivan Pavlov 
C) John B. Watson 
D) B. F. Skinner 
A) Sigmund Freud 
B) Ivan Pavlov 
C) John B. Watson 
D) B. F. Skinner

Question 5

Which of the following individuals can prescribe medications?

Accepted Answer

A) Noah, who is a counseling psychologist 
B) Sara, who has a doctorate in school psychology 
C) Roman, who is a psychiatrist 
D) Lin, who is an educational psychologist 
A) Noah, who is a counseling psychologist 
B) Sara, who has a doctorate in school psychology 
C) Roman, who is a psychiatrist 
D) Lin, who is an educational psychologist

Question 6

While Freud emphasized _____, Rogers emphasized _____.

Accepted Answer

A) unconscious conflicts; conscious experiences 
B) unconscious conflicts; overt, measurable behavior 
C) development; sexuality 
D) favorable mental health; mental illness 
A) unconscious conflicts; conscious experiences 
B) unconscious conflicts; overt, measurable behavior 
C) development; sexuality 
D) favorable mental health; mental illness

Question 7

Evidence that is the result of observation, measurement, and experimentation is referred to as _____ evidence.

Accepted Answer

A) empirical 
B) pseudoscientific 
C) operational 
D) dependent 
A) empirical 
B) pseudoscientific 
C) operational 
D) dependent

Question 8

According to Psych For Your Life: Successful Study Techniques, which of the following studying strategies should you AVOID?

Accepted Answer

A) Using flashcards. 
B) Taking notes on your laptop. 
C) Studying while multitasking. 
D) Taking notes by hand. 
A) Using flashcards. 
B) Taking notes on your laptop. 
C) Studying while multitasking. 
D) Taking notes by hand.

Question 9

Professor Karney administered a psychological test measuring shyness to a large number of undergraduate students. The students also completed a lengthy questionnaire on their social life and activities, including number of friends. Professor Karney conducted a statistical analysis of the responses and found a correlation coefficient of -.80 between level of shyness and number of friends. This indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A) as number of friends increases, level of shyness increases. 
B) as number of friends decreases, level of shyness increases. 
C) there is no relationship between level of shyness and number of friends. 
D) a cause-and-effect relationship exists between shyness and number of friends. 
A) as number of friends increases, level of shyness increases. 
B) as number of friends decreases, level of shyness increases. 
C) there is no relationship between level of shyness and number of friends. 
D) a cause-and-effect relationship exists between shyness and number of friends.

Question 10

A cognitive psychologist decides to study the effects of chess practice on math abilities in middle school students. All students are tested on a standard math test at the beginning of the study. Students are then randomly assigned to a chess group and a control group. Students in the chess group spend thirty minutes every school day learning chess strategy and playing chess. Students in the no-chess control group spend thirty minutes every school day watching educational television. At the end of three months, students take another standardized math test. The improvement or decline in their test score is computed and compared across the two groups. In this experiment, what is the DEPENDENT variable?

Accepted Answer

A) the change in math test scores 
B) playing chess or watching educational television 
C) improvement in chess-playing ability 
D) the number of chess matches won 
A) the change in math test scores 
B) playing chess or watching educational television 
C) improvement in chess-playing ability 
D) the number of chess matches won

Question 11

_____, an approach developed by Edward B. Titchener, became the first major school of thought in psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) Behaviorism 
B) Structuralism 
C) Functionalism 
D) Psychoanalysis 
A) Behaviorism 
B) Structuralism 
C) Functionalism 
D) Psychoanalysis

Question 12

Dalpiez conducts research with mice, pigs, and chimpanzees. Dr. Dalpiez's specialization is in _____ psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) clinical 
B) experimental 
C) comparative 
D) educational 
A) clinical 
B) experimental 
C) comparative 
D) educational

Question 13

Mary Whiton Calkins:

Accepted Answer

A) founded the first psychology laboratory in America at Yale University. 
B) studied with Sigmund Freud and became the first female psychoanalyst in the United States. 
C) is best known for her pioneering research on comparative psychology and her book The Animal Mind. 
D) conducted research on personality, dreams, and memory, and became the first woman president of the American Psychological Association. 
A) founded the first psychology laboratory in America at Yale University. 
B) studied with Sigmund Freud and became the first female psychoanalyst in the United States. 
C) is best known for her pioneering research on comparative psychology and her book The Animal Mind. 
D) conducted research on personality, dreams, and memory, and became the first woman president of the American Psychological Association.

Question 14

All of the following are advantages of fMRI over PET imaging EXCEPT fMRI:

Accepted Answer

A) is a noninvasive procedure and the magnetic waves are harmless allowing research participants to undergo repeated fMRI scans. 
B) produces a sharper image than PET scans and therefore can detail much smaller brain structures. 
C) is that it provides a picture of brain activity averaged over seconds rather than the several minutes required by PET scans. 
D) involves the use smaller amounts of radioactively tagged glucose or oxygen than does PET. 
A) is a noninvasive procedure and the magnetic waves are harmless allowing research participants to undergo repeated fMRI scans. 
B) produces a sharper image than PET scans and therefore can detail much smaller brain structures. 
C) is that it provides a picture of brain activity averaged over seconds rather than the several minutes required by PET scans. 
D) involves the use smaller amounts of radioactively tagged glucose or oxygen than does PET.

Question 15

Ginsburg wants to study possible gender differences in the willingness of young children to engage in risky behaviors. To gather data, Ginsburg and a co-researcher carefully observe the willingness of boys and girls to try risky behaviors at a local zoo, such as petting a burro or feeding different animals. Dr. Ginsburg is using _____ to gather data.

Accepted Answer

A) naturalistic observation 
B) a survey 
C) the case study method 
D) a representative sample 
A) naturalistic observation 
B) a survey 
C) the case study method 
D) a representative sample

Question 16

Ginkgo Biloba is a herb that is thought to increase blood flow in the brain and enhance memory processes. In a carefully controlled study investigating this claim, young adults were assigned to one of three groups. Those in group 1 took a capsule containing 120 milligrams of ginkgo biloba once a day. Those in group 2 took a capsule that looked identical but was a fake. Those in group 3 did not take any capsules. The participants assigned to group 2 constituted the _____ in this study.

Accepted Answer

A) dependent variable 
B) placebo group 
C) extraneous group 
D) out-of-control group 
A) dependent variable 
B) placebo group 
C) extraneous group 
D) out-of-control group

Question 17

Psychologists who take the evolutionary perspective assume that psychological processes are:

Accepted Answer

A) subject to the principles of natural selection. 
B) unconscious. 
C) overt and observable. 
D) dynamic and ever changing. 
A) subject to the principles of natural selection. 
B) unconscious. 
C) overt and observable. 
D) dynamic and ever changing.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the brain-imaging techniques discussed in the Focus on Neuroscience section in the text?

Accepted Answer

A) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 
B) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 
C) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 
D) positron emission tomography (PET) 
A) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 
B) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 
C) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 
D) positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 19

A collectivistic culture is one in which:

Accepted Answer

A) individual achievements are highly valued. 
B) a person's social behavior is influenced more by individual preference than cultural values and norms. 
C) a person's individual preferences and goals are considered to be more important than the requirements and goals of his or her social group. 
D) great importance is placed on following established tradition and customs. 
A) individual achievements are highly valued. 
B) a person's social behavior is influenced more by individual preference than cultural values and norms. 
C) a person's individual preferences and goals are considered to be more important than the requirements and goals of his or her social group. 
D) great importance is placed on following established tradition and customs.

Question 20

According to your text, magnet therapy is a form of:

Accepted Answer

A) experimental research. 
B) pseudoscience. 
C) correlational research. 
D) clinical psychotherapy. 
A) experimental research. 
B) pseudoscience. 
C) correlational research. 
D) clinical psychotherapy.

Exam 1: Section 4: Introduction and Research Methods

Which of the following statements about psychologists is true?

Wilhelm Wundt:

Which of the following is not a key provision in the most recent APA ethnical principles regulating research with human participants?

Who among the following individuals was NOT a key scientist in the development of behaviorism?

Which of the following individuals can prescribe medications?

While Freud emphasized _____, Rogers emphasized _____.

Evidence that is the result of observation, measurement, and experimentation is referred to as _____ evidence.

According to Psych For Your Life: Successful Study Techniques, which of the following studying strategies should you AVOID?

_____, an approach developed by Edward B. Titchener, became the first major school of thought in psychology.

Dalpiez conducts research with mice, pigs, and chimpanzees. Dr. Dalpiez's specialization is in _____ psychology.

Mary Whiton Calkins:

All of the following are advantages of fMRI over PET imaging EXCEPT fMRI:

Psychologists who take the evolutionary perspective assume that psychological processes are:

Which of the following is NOT one of the brain-imaging techniques discussed in the Focus on Neuroscience section in the text?

A collectivistic culture is one in which:

According to your text, magnet therapy is a form of:

Section 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 5: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 5: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5: Learning

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 1: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 1: Motivation and Emotion

Section 2: Motivation and Emotion

Section 3: Motivation and Emotion

Section 4: Motivation and Emotion

Section 5: Motivation and Emotion

Section 1: Lifespan Development

Section 2: Lifespan Development

Section 3: Lifespan Development

Section 4: Lifespan Development

Section 5: Lifespan Development

Section 1: Personality

Section 2: Personality

Section 3: Personality

Section 4: Personality

Section 5: Personality

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 5: Social Psychology

Section 1: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 2: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 3: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 4: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 5: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 1: Psychological Disorders

Section 2: Psychological Disorders

Section 3: Psychological Disorders

Section 4: Psychological Disorders

While Freud emphasized _, Rogers emphasized _.