Question 1

Describe the placenta.

Accepted Answer

A) The placenta is a layer of cells that surround the yolk sac. 
B) The placenta forms the interface between the inner cell mass and the trophoblast. 
C) The placenta forms the interface between the embryonic/fetal system and the maternal system. 
D) The placenta forms the interface between the blastocoele and the amniotic cavity. 
E) The placenta contains fluid that surrounds and cushions the embryo or fetus. 
A) The placenta is a layer of cells that surround the yolk sac. 
B) The placenta forms the interface between the inner cell mass and the trophoblast. 
C) The placenta forms the interface between the embryonic/fetal system and the maternal system. 
D) The placenta forms the interface between the blastocoele and the amniotic cavity. 
E) The placenta contains fluid that surrounds and cushions the embryo or fetus.

Question 2

A ________ is used to show all possible combinations of genes that can result from a given parental cross.

Accepted Answer

A) pedigree 
B) Punnett square 
C) karyotype 
D) phenotype 
E) family tree 
A) pedigree 
B) Punnett square 
C) karyotype 
D) phenotype 
E) family tree

Question 3

The traits of an individual controlled by his or her genotype are his or her

Accepted Answer

A) epigenome. 
B) genotypical inheritances. 
C) alleles. 
D) phenotype. 
E) karyotype. 
A) epigenome. 
B) genotypical inheritances. 
C) alleles. 
D) phenotype. 
E) karyotype.

Question 4

A fetus undergoes its largest absolute weight gain during which trimester?

Accepted Answer

A) first trimester 
B) second trimester 
C) third trimester 
A) first trimester 
B) second trimester 
C) third trimester

Question 5

Oxygenated blood is carried away from the placenta by the

Accepted Answer

A) umbilical vein. 
B) umbilical arteries. 
A) umbilical vein. 
B) umbilical arteries.

Question 6

List the major changes that occur in maternal systems during pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

A) decreased respiratory rate and tidal volume,decreased blood volume,increased GFR and nutrient requirements,increases in the size of the uterus and mammary glands 
B) increased immune function,increased heart rate and blood pressure,decreased nutrient requirements and decreased thermoregulation 
C) decreased immune function,decreased heart rate and blood pressure,decreased blood volume and GFR,and decreased respiratory rate and tidal volume 
D) increased respiratory rate and tidal volume,increased blood volume and GFR,increased nutrient requirements,and increases in the size of the uterus and mammary glands 
E) increased respiratory rate and tidal volume,decreased nutrient requirements,decreased blood volume and GFR,and decreased size of the uterus and mammary glands. 
A) decreased respiratory rate and tidal volume,decreased blood volume,increased GFR and nutrient requirements,increases in the size of the uterus and mammary glands 
B) increased immune function,increased heart rate and blood pressure,decreased nutrient requirements and decreased thermoregulation 
C) decreased immune function,decreased heart rate and blood pressure,decreased blood volume and GFR,and decreased respiratory rate and tidal volume 
D) increased respiratory rate and tidal volume,increased blood volume and GFR,increased nutrient requirements,and increases in the size of the uterus and mammary glands 
E) increased respiratory rate and tidal volume,decreased nutrient requirements,decreased blood volume and GFR,and decreased size of the uterus and mammary glands.

Question 7

The "P" in the abbreviation SNP stands for

Accepted Answer

A) pronucleus. 
B) phenotype. 
C) prenatal. 
D) polymorphism. 
E) placental. 
A) pronucleus. 
B) phenotype. 
C) prenatal. 
D) polymorphism. 
E) placental.

Question 8

In simple autosomal inheritance,phenotypic characters are determined,or controlled,by

Accepted Answer

A) a single pair of alleles. 
B) multiple alleles. 
C) the action of a single gene. 
D) regulator genes on a different chromosome. 
E) the genes on the Y chromosome. 
A) a single pair of alleles. 
B) multiple alleles. 
C) the action of a single gene. 
D) regulator genes on a different chromosome. 
E) the genes on the Y chromosome.

Question 9

The placenta is expelled from the uterus during the ________ stage of labor.

Accepted Answer

A) placental 
B) expulsion 
C) dilation 
D) contraction 
E) afterbirth 
A) placental 
B) expulsion 
C) dilation 
D) contraction 
E) afterbirth

Question 10

Define fertilization

Accepted Answer

A) Fertilization is the ejection of the primary oocyte from the ovary. 
B) Fertilization is the ejection of the secondary oocyte from the ovary. 
C) Fertilization is the journey the oocyte travels through the uterine tube to reach the uterus. 
D) Fertilization is the fusion of a secondary oocyte and a sperm to form a zygote. 
E) Fertilization is the attachment of a zygote to the uterine wall. 
A) Fertilization is the ejection of the primary oocyte from the ovary. 
B) Fertilization is the ejection of the secondary oocyte from the ovary. 
C) Fertilization is the journey the oocyte travels through the uterine tube to reach the uterus. 
D) Fertilization is the fusion of a secondary oocyte and a sperm to form a zygote. 
E) Fertilization is the attachment of a zygote to the uterine wall.

Question 11

The presence of which hormone in the urine provides a reliable indicator of pregnancy,as detected by home pregnancy tests?

Accepted Answer

A) human placental lactogen 
B) placental prolactin 
C) relaxin 
D) LH 
E) human chorionic gonadotrophin 
A) human placental lactogen 
B) placental prolactin 
C) relaxin 
D) LH 
E) human chorionic gonadotrophin

Question 12

Why are sex-linked traits expressed more frequently in males than in females?

Accepted Answer

A) Males have fewer chromosomes than females. 
B) Males have more chromosomes than females. 
C) Males have more sex chromosomes than females. 
D) Males have a smaller Y chromosome that contains fewer genes that correspond to the larger X chromosome. 
E) Males have a larger Y chromosome that contains more genes that correspond to the smaller X chromosome. 
A) Males have fewer chromosomes than females. 
B) Males have more chromosomes than females. 
C) Males have more sex chromosomes than females. 
D) Males have a smaller Y chromosome that contains fewer genes that correspond to the larger X chromosome. 
E) Males have a larger Y chromosome that contains more genes that correspond to the smaller X chromosome.

Question 13

A new mother tells you that when she nurses her baby,she feels as if she is having menstrual cramps.How would you explain this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

During nursing,the mechanical stimulus o

Question 14

If an individual carries two different alleles for the same trait,the individual is ________ for the trait.

Accepted Answer

A) homologous 
B) homozygous 
C) heterozygous 
D) autosomal 
E) polygenic 
A) homologous 
B) homozygous 
C) heterozygous 
D) autosomal 
E) polygenic

Question 15

Which of the following is a puberty-related change caused by increased testosterone levels?

Accepted Answer

A) accelerated bone deposition and skeletal growth 
B) loss of terminal hairs on the face and chest 
C) replication of skeletal muscle fibers 
D) thinning of the vocal folds 
E) decreased erythropoiesis 
A) accelerated bone deposition and skeletal growth 
B) loss of terminal hairs on the face and chest 
C) replication of skeletal muscle fibers 
D) thinning of the vocal folds 
E) decreased erythropoiesis

Question 16

During implantation,the

Accepted Answer

A) syncytial trophoblast erodes a path through the endometrium. 
B) inner cell mass begins to form the placenta. 
C) maternal blood vessels in the endometrium are walled off from the blastocyst. 
D) entire trophoblast becomes syncytial. 
E) inner cell mass is temporarily deprived of nutrients. 
A) syncytial trophoblast erodes a path through the endometrium. 
B) inner cell mass begins to form the placenta. 
C) maternal blood vessels in the endometrium are walled off from the blastocyst. 
D) entire trophoblast becomes syncytial. 
E) inner cell mass is temporarily deprived of nutrients.

Question 17

Attachment to and penetration of the endometrium by the blastocyst is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) cleavage. 
B) implantation. 
C) placentation. 
D) embryogenesis. 
E) fertilization. 
A) cleavage. 
B) implantation. 
C) placentation. 
D) embryogenesis. 
E) fertilization.

Question 18

A blastocyst is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) extra-embryonic membrane. 
B) solid ball of cells. 
C) hollow ball of cells. 
D) portion of the placenta. 
E) origin of the urinary bladder. 
A) extra-embryonic membrane. 
B) solid ball of cells. 
C) hollow ball of cells. 
D) portion of the placenta. 
E) origin of the urinary bladder.

Question 19

Indicate the type of inheritance involved in each of the following situations: (1)children who exhibit the trait have at least one parent who also exhibits it; (2)children exhibit the trait even though neither parent exhibits it; and (3)the trait is expressed equally in daughters and sons.

Accepted Answer

A) (1)simple inheritance (recessive); (2)simple inheritance (dominant); (3)autosomal inheritance 
B) (1)simple inheritance (recessive); (2)simple inheritance (incomplete dominance); (3)autosomal inheritance 
C) (1)simple inheritance (dominant); (2)simple inheritance (recessive); (3)autosomal inheritance 
D) (1)sex-linked inheritance (dominant); (2)sex-linked inheritance (recessive); (3)autosomal inheritance 
E) (1)polygenic inheritance; (2)simple inheritance (recessive); (3)sex-linked inheritance 
A) (1)simple inheritance (recessive); (2)simple inheritance (dominant); (3)autosomal inheritance 
B) (1)simple inheritance (recessive); (2)simple inheritance (incomplete dominance); (3)autosomal inheritance 
C) (1)simple inheritance (dominant); (2)simple inheritance (recessive); (3)autosomal inheritance 
D) (1)sex-linked inheritance (dominant); (2)sex-linked inheritance (recessive); (3)autosomal inheritance 
E) (1)polygenic inheritance; (2)simple inheritance (recessive); (3)sex-linked inheritance

Question 20

List and briefly characterize the three trimesters of gestation.

Accepted Answer

For convenience,we think of the gestatio

Exam 27: Development and Inheritance

Describe the placenta.

A ________ is used to show all possible combinations of genes that can result from a given parental cross.

The traits of an individual controlled by his or her genotype are his or her

A fetus undergoes its largest absolute weight gain during which trimester?

Oxygenated blood is carried away from the placenta by the

List the major changes that occur in maternal systems during pregnancy.

The "P" in the abbreviation SNP stands for

In simple autosomal inheritance,phenotypic characters are determined,or controlled,by

The placenta is expelled from the uterus during the ________ stage of labor.

Define fertilization

The presence of which hormone in the urine provides a reliable indicator of pregnancy,as detected by home pregnancy tests?

Why are sex-linked traits expressed more frequently in males than in females?

A new mother tells you that when she nurses her baby,she feels as if she is having menstrual cramps.How would you explain this phenomenon?

If an individual carries two different alleles for the same trait,the individual is ________ for the trait.

Which of the following is a puberty-related change caused by increased testosterone levels?

During implantation,the

Attachment to and penetration of the endometrium by the blastocyst is referred to as

A blastocyst is a(n)

Indicate the type of inheritance involved in each of the following situations: (1)children who exhibit the trait have at least one parent who also exhibits it; (2)children exhibit the trait even though neither parent exhibits it; and (3)the trait is expressed equally in daughters and sons.

List and briefly characterize the three trimesters of gestation.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

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