Question 1

Interactionists describe language development as:

Accepted Answer

A) a conditioned learning process determined by the environment. 
B) an innate process determined by biology. 
C) a combination of environmental experiences and biological influences. 
D) the result of modeling the language of parents. 
A) a conditioned learning process determined by the environment. 
B) an innate process determined by biology. 
C) a combination of environmental experiences and biological influences. 
D) the result of modeling the language of parents. C

Question 2

Generally speaking, humans excel on cognitive tasks that involve _____ but perform poorly on cognitive tasks that involve _____.

Accepted Answer

A) estimation; accuracy 
B) frequency; probability 
C) accuracy; estimation 
D) probability; frequency 
A) estimation; accuracy 
B) frequency; probability 
C) accuracy; estimation 
D) probability; frequency B

Question 3

Another term for discursive reasoning is _____ reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A) practical 
B) syllogistic 
C) theoretical 
D) linguistic 
A) practical 
B) syllogistic 
C) theoretical 
D) linguistic C

Question 4

The basis of means-ends analysis, as a problem-solving technique, is to:

Accepted Answer

A) reword a well-defined problem into a heuristic. 
B) persist in problem solving until an end state is reached, by any means available. 
C) search for a way to reduce differences between a current situation and the desired goal. 
D) reword an algorithm into a heuristic. 
A) reword a well-defined problem into a heuristic. 
B) persist in problem solving until an end state is reached, by any means available. 
C) search for a way to reduce differences between a current situation and the desired goal. 
D) reword an algorithm into a heuristic.

Question 5

Pat is 40 years old and received a Ph.D. in sociology 10 years ago. Pat specializes in issues associated with women and gender studies, publishing research in peer-reviewed journals. Which statement MOST likely describes Pat?

Accepted Answer

A) Pat is a college professor. 
B) Pat is a college professor and a woman. 
C) Pat is a college professor and a man. 
D) Pat is a female college professor with liberal political views. 
A) Pat is a college professor. 
B) Pat is a college professor and a woman. 
C) Pat is a college professor and a man. 
D) Pat is a female college professor with liberal political views.

Question 6

Passive mastery is to _____ as active mastery is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) syntax; semantics 
B) simple structure; deep structure 
C) phonemes; phrases 
D) understanding; speech 
A) syntax; semantics 
B) simple structure; deep structure 
C) phonemes; phrases 
D) understanding; speech

Question 7

The President is managing a war that is not going well. Nevertheless, he refuses to withdraw troops, arguing that doing so would waste the billions of dollars spent and thousands of lives lost fighting the war. The President's line of reasoning illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) base-rate ignorance. 
B) the sunk-cost fallacy. 
C) the conjunction fallacy. 
D) the principle of diminishing returns. 
A) base-rate ignorance. 
B) the sunk-cost fallacy. 
C) the conjunction fallacy. 
D) the principle of diminishing returns.

Question 8

A sentence has both _____, based on meaning, and _____, based on the wording of the sentence.

Accepted Answer

A) surface structure; grammar 
B) surface structure; deep structure 
C) deep structure; surface structure 
D) grammar; deep structure 
A) surface structure; grammar 
B) surface structure; deep structure 
C) deep structure; surface structure 
D) grammar; deep structure

Question 9

Exemplar theory is more comprehensive than prototype theory because it:

Accepted Answer

A) compares objects on an individual basis only. 
B) compares individual objects to a prototype only. 
C) activates the visual cortex. 
D) takes into account both prototypical and specific instances of categories. 
A) compares objects on an individual basis only. 
B) compares individual objects to a prototype only. 
C) activates the visual cortex. 
D) takes into account both prototypical and specific instances of categories.

Question 10

Which of these constitutes a single morpheme?

Accepted Answer

A) headless 
B) he 
C) h 
D) headless horseman 
A) headless 
B) he 
C) h 
D) headless horseman

Question 11

Which of these is an example of telegraphic speech?

Accepted Answer

A) over the river and through the woods 
B) go up and down 
C) Daddy drives car 
D) turn left and then right 
A) over the river and through the woods 
B) go up and down 
C) Daddy drives car 
D) turn left and then right

Question 12

A carpenter suffers a stroke and now cannot recognize the difference between a saw and a plane. The carpenter MOST likely suffered damage to which area of his brain?

Accepted Answer

A) the lower left temporal lobe 
B) the region where the temporal lobe meets the parietal and occipital lobes. 
C) the front of the left temporal lobe. 
D) the left prefrontal cortex. 
A) the lower left temporal lobe 
B) the region where the temporal lobe meets the parietal and occipital lobes. 
C) the front of the left temporal lobe. 
D) the left prefrontal cortex.

Question 13

Hammers are used for pounding things, which is why many people don't realize that hammers make perfectly good doorstops. This lack of creative insight is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) blindsight. 
B) availability bias. 
C) semantic interference. 
D) functional fixedness. 
A) blindsight. 
B) availability bias. 
C) semantic interference. 
D) functional fixedness.

Question 14

Patients with Wernicke's and Broca's aphasia provide evidence that language is:

Accepted Answer

A) specialized within specific brain regions over time. 
B) highly widespread across the brain throughout the life span. 
C) localized to specific brain structures in both hemispheres throughout the life span. 
D) processed in one specific brain structure, the amygdala. 
A) specialized within specific brain regions over time. 
B) highly widespread across the brain throughout the life span. 
C) localized to specific brain structures in both hemispheres throughout the life span. 
D) processed in one specific brain structure, the amygdala.

Question 15

In the German language, the sound "ts" is a:

Accepted Answer

A) phoneme. 
B) morpheme. 
C) syntax. 
D) word. 
A) phoneme. 
B) morpheme. 
C) syntax. 
D) word.

Exam 9: Section 5: Language and Thought

Interactionists describe language development as:

Generally speaking, humans excel on cognitive tasks that involve _____ but perform poorly on cognitive tasks that involve _____.

Another term for discursive reasoning is _____ reasoning.

The basis of means-ends analysis, as a problem-solving technique, is to:

Pat is 40 years old and received a Ph.D. in sociology 10 years ago. Pat specializes in issues associated with women and gender studies, publishing research in peer-reviewed journals. Which statement MOST likely describes Pat?

Passive mastery is to _____ as active mastery is to _____.

The President is managing a war that is not going well. Nevertheless, he refuses to withdraw troops, arguing that doing so would waste the billions of dollars spent and thousands of lives lost fighting the war. The President's line of reasoning illustrates:

A sentence has both _____, based on meaning, and _____, based on the wording of the sentence.

Exemplar theory is more comprehensive than prototype theory because it:

Which of these constitutes a single morpheme?

Which of these is an example of telegraphic speech?

A carpenter suffers a stroke and now cannot recognize the difference between a saw and a plane. The carpenter MOST likely suffered damage to which area of his brain?

Hammers are used for pounding things, which is why many people don't realize that hammers make perfectly good doorstops. This lack of creative insight is an example of:

Patients with Wernicke's and Broca's aphasia provide evidence that language is:

In the German language, the sound "ts" is a:

Section 1: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 2: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 3: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 4 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 5: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 6 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 1: Methods in Psychology

Section 2: Methods in Psychology

Section 3: Methods in Psychology

Section 4: Methods in Psychology

Section 5: Methods in Psychology

Section 6: Methods in Psychology

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 6: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1 : Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 6: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness

Section 2: Consciousness

Section 3: Consciousness

Section 4: Consciousness

Section 5: Consciousness

Section 6: Consciousness

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 6: Memory

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5 : Learning

Section 6: Learning

Section 1: Emotion and Motivation

Section 2: Emotion and Motivation

Section 3: Emotion and Motivation

Section 4: Emotion and Motivation

Section 5: Emotion and Motivation

Section 6: Emotion and Motivation

Section 1: Language and Thought

Section 2: Language and Thought

Section 3: Language and Thought

Section 4: Language and Thought

Section 6: Language and Thought

Section 1: Intelligence

Section 2: Intelligence

Section 3: Intelligence

Section 4 : Intelligence

Section 5: Intelligence

Section 6 : Intelligence

Section 1: Development

Section 2: Development

Section 3: Development

Section 4: Development

Section 5: Development

Generally speaking, humans excel on cognitive tasks that involve _ but perform poorly on cognitive tasks that involve _.

Passive mastery is to _ as active mastery is to _.

A sentence has both _, based on meaning, and _, based on the wording of the sentence.