Question 1

Describe what is known about the differences in processing between the right and left hemispheres of the brain.

Accepted Answer

The answer should provide the following information: (1) Language processing is located in the left hemisphere; (2) Brain organization is contralateral: The left hemisphere processes information from the right side of the body; (3) A band of fibers (corpus callosum) connects the two hemispheres in normal brains; (4) The left and right hemispheres are in constant communication via the corpus callosum. If this is severed, the two hemispheres process information independently. This generally does not cause problems so long as both hemispheres receive the same information. However, a person would not be able to name an object shown only to the left eye, because language is processed in the left hemisphere and only the right hemisphere received the information. If the object was shown only in the right visual field, the person could name the object but could not reach behind a screen with her left hand and correctly choose the object from a number of objects. This is due to the fact that the right hemisphere controlling the left hand never received the information.

Question 2

Describe three processes by which neurotransmitters leave the synapse.

Accepted Answer

The answer should provide the following information: (1) Neurotransmitters may be reabsorbed back into the terminal buttons of the presynaptic neuron, a process termed reuptake; (2) Neurotransmitters may be broken down by enzymes in the synapse; (3) Autoreceptors on the presynaptic neuron monitor synaptic neurotransmitter levels and may signal the neuron to stop releasing the neurotransmitter.

Question 3

Referencing specific neural structures and electrochemical processes, describe the flow of information from when it is received by one neuron to when it is transmitted to another neuron.

Accepted Answer

The answer should provide the following information: (1) Dendrites receive chemical messages Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on other dendrites, perhaps causing an action potential in the receiving, or postsynaptic, neuron. In this way, information is passed from neuron to neuron.

Question 4

Several electrical and imaging techniques are now used to compare behavior to the functioning of specific areas of the brain. Describe four of these techniques and suggest the types of research questions they may answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer should provide the following

Question 5

Explain the difference between a drug agonist and an antagonist, give an example of each, and describe several ways that drugs can function as agonists.

Accepted Answer

The answer should provide the following

Question 6

Describe the role of norepinephrine and serotonin in the regulation of mood and arousal.

Accepted Answer

The answer should indicate that norepine

Question 7

When walking home alone late one night, you are startled by a moving shadow that you glimpse out of the corner of your eye. Which division of the autonomic nervous system mobilizes your body's defenses? What does it do? Later, when you see that the shadow is just the neighbor's cat, what division of the autonomic nervous system is acting, and how does it lessen your physiological arousal? How do these autonomic divisions differ from the other main division, the somatic?

Accepted Answer

The answer should provide the following

Question 8

Discuss the likely impairments associated with damage to the (a) spinal cord, (b) hindbrain, (c) hippocampus, and (d) forebrain.

Accepted Answer

The answer should provide the following

Question 9

Is there a functional difference between brain death and a persistent vegetative state? What are the moral and ethical dilemmas that arise from making these distinctions? What have functional imaging techniques offered to inform this debate?

Accepted Answer

The answer should provide the following

Question 10

The areas of the cerebral cortex are called "lobes." For each lobe, describe its relative position and major functions.

Accepted Answer

The answer should provide the following

Question 11

Barbara and Kenneth have slightly below-average intelligence scores. When they find out that the heritability of intelligence is approximately 0.5, they become worried that their future children also will have below-average intelligence. Using several different lines of reasoning, assuage the fear of this couple.

Accepted Answer

The answer should indicate that heritabi

Question 12

The somatosensory and motor cortices appear to have a "map" of the complete body across the cortical surface from the top to the bottom. Describe aspects of this "map" of the body and how it differs from a drawing of the body in perspective.

Accepted Answer

The answer should provide the following

Question 13

Describe the role that dopamine plays in Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, reward learning, and drug addiction.

Accepted Answer

The answer should indicate that dopamine

Exam 3: Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Describe what is known about the differences in processing between the right and left hemispheres of the brain.

Describe three processes by which neurotransmitters leave the synapse.

Referencing specific neural structures and electrochemical processes, describe the flow of information from when it is received by one neuron to when it is transmitted to another neuron.

Several electrical and imaging techniques are now used to compare behavior to the functioning of specific areas of the brain. Describe four of these techniques and suggest the types of research questions they may answer.

Explain the difference between a drug agonist and an antagonist, give an example of each, and describe several ways that drugs can function as agonists.

Describe the role of norepinephrine and serotonin in the regulation of mood and arousal.

Discuss the likely impairments associated with damage to the (a) spinal cord, (b) hindbrain, (c) hippocampus, and (d) forebrain.

Is there a functional difference between brain death and a persistent vegetative state? What are the moral and ethical dilemmas that arise from making these distinctions? What have functional imaging techniques offered to inform this debate?

The areas of the cerebral cortex are called "lobes." For each lobe, describe its relative position and major functions.

The somatosensory and motor cortices appear to have a "map" of the complete body across the cortical surface from the top to the bottom. Describe aspects of this "map" of the body and how it differs from a drawing of the body in perspective.

Describe the role that dopamine plays in Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, reward learning, and drug addiction.

Section 1: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 2: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 3: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 4 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 5: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 6 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 1: Methods in Psychology

Section 2: Methods in Psychology

Section 3: Methods in Psychology

Section 4: Methods in Psychology

Section 5: Methods in Psychology

Section 6: Methods in Psychology

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 6: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1 : Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 6: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness

Section 2: Consciousness

Section 3: Consciousness

Section 4: Consciousness

Section 5: Consciousness

Section 6: Consciousness

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 6: Memory

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5 : Learning

Section 6: Learning

Section 1: Emotion and Motivation

Section 2: Emotion and Motivation

Section 3: Emotion and Motivation

Section 4: Emotion and Motivation

Section 5: Emotion and Motivation

Section 6: Emotion and Motivation

Section 1: Language and Thought

Section 2: Language and Thought

Section 3: Language and Thought

Section 4: Language and Thought

Section 5: Language and Thought

Section 6: Language and Thought

Section 1: Intelligence

Section 2: Intelligence

Section 3: Intelligence

Section 4 : Intelligence

Section 5: Intelligence

Section 6 : Intelligence

Section 1: Development

Section 2: Development

Section 3: Development

Section 4: Development

Section 5: Development

Section 6: Development

Section 1: Personality

Section 2: Personality

Section 3: Personality