Question 1

Which is a good technique to avoid demand characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A) a case method 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) an uncontrolled experiment in a laboratory setting 
D) a take-home survey that includes the participant's personal contact information 
A) a case method 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) an uncontrolled experiment in a laboratory setting 
D) a take-home survey that includes the participant's personal contact information B

Question 2

At a particular high school, there is a negative correlation between popularity and academic success. Which statement can be accurately inferred?

Accepted Answer

A) Students who do well in class tend to be popular. 
B) Having lots of friends results in less time for study and causes students to do worse in school. 
C) Students who do extremely well academically probably will be viewed as less popular. 
D) Devoting a great deal of time to study causes students not to seek out personal relationships with others. 
A) Students who do well in class tend to be popular. 
B) Having lots of friends results in less time for study and causes students to do worse in school. 
C) Students who do extremely well academically probably will be viewed as less popular. 
D) Devoting a great deal of time to study causes students not to seek out personal relationships with others. C

Question 3

Random sampling is most closely associated with:

Accepted Answer

A) internal validity. 
B) reliability. 
C) external validity. 
D) interrater reliability. 
A) internal validity. 
B) reliability. 
C) external validity. 
D) interrater reliability. C

Question 4

In an experimental design, volunteers are placed into the experimental group or the control group based on a flip of a coin. This method illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) statistical significance. 
B) random sampling. 
C) random assignment. 
D) matched samples. 
A) statistical significance. 
B) random sampling. 
C) random assignment. 
D) matched samples.

Question 5

Which statement about ethical research in psychology is true?

Accepted Answer

A) No agency enforces the code of conduct; psychologists operate on the honor system. 
B) Informed consent should be obtained from research participants or their legal guardians. 
C) Deception should not be used in psychological research. 
D) Animal subjects should not be exposed to anesthesia. 
A) No agency enforces the code of conduct; psychologists operate on the honor system. 
B) Informed consent should be obtained from research participants or their legal guardians. 
C) Deception should not be used in psychological research. 
D) Animal subjects should not be exposed to anesthesia.

Question 6

Dr. Spelke thinks language is highly involved with spatial ability. She enlists one group of college students to do a verbal task while they navigate around a room, while another group of students does a nonverbal tapping task while also doing the same navigation task. What is the purpose of the tapping group?

Accepted Answer

A) They serve as a control group. 
B) They are the experimental group. 
C) They directly test the research hypothesis. 
D) They serve no purpose and should be taken out of the study. 
A) They serve as a control group. 
B) They are the experimental group. 
C) They directly test the research hypothesis. 
D) They serve no purpose and should be taken out of the study.

Question 7

Which statement can NOT be concluded from the systematic observation that children who watch televised aggression act more aggressively?

Accepted Answer

A) There is a possibility that aggressive children choose to watch televised aggression. 
B) Viewing televised aggression might make children more aggressive. 
C) A third-variable is definitely causing these results. 
D) Viewing televised aggression and aggression level are positively correlated. 
A) There is a possibility that aggressive children choose to watch televised aggression. 
B) Viewing televised aggression might make children more aggressive. 
C) A third-variable is definitely causing these results. 
D) Viewing televised aggression and aggression level are positively correlated.

Question 8

You decide to use a person's eye color as a measure of intelligence. Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The measure is reliable but lacks validity. 
B) The measure is valid but lacks reliability. 
C) The measure is reliable and valid. 
D) The measure is neither reliable nor valid. 
A) The measure is reliable but lacks validity. 
B) The measure is valid but lacks reliability. 
C) The measure is reliable and valid. 
D) The measure is neither reliable nor valid.

Question 9

Forming beliefs based on observations about the world is to _____ as forming beliefs based on authority is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) dogmatism; empiricism 
B) dogmatism; operationalism 
C) empiricism; method 
D) empiricism; dogmatism 
A) dogmatism; empiricism 
B) dogmatism; operationalism 
C) empiricism; method 
D) empiricism; dogmatism

Question 10

One way to counteract a possible third-variable problem is to use:

Accepted Answer

A) matched samples. 
B) natural selection. 
C) survey questionnaires. 
D) random sampling. 
A) matched samples. 
B) natural selection. 
C) survey questionnaires. 
D) random sampling.

Question 11

Testing a hypothesis might result in _____ a theory.

Accepted Answer

A) falsifying 
B) proving 
C) answering 
D) observing 
A) falsifying 
B) proving 
C) answering 
D) observing

Question 12

Which statement is NOT true of a normal distribution?

Accepted Answer

A) It is bell-shaped. 
B) It is symmetrical around the peak of the distribution. 
C) The mean of the distribution is greater than the mode of the distribution. 
D) Most measurements are concentrated around the peak of the distribution. 
A) It is bell-shaped. 
B) It is symmetrical around the peak of the distribution. 
C) The mean of the distribution is greater than the mode of the distribution. 
D) Most measurements are concentrated around the peak of the distribution.

Question 13

A reliable measure is one that:

Accepted Answer

A) produces a consistent result if the same thing is measured twice. 
B) measures what it was intended to measure. 
C) predicts actual behavior. 
D) co-varies with the independent variable. 
A) produces a consistent result if the same thing is measured twice. 
B) measures what it was intended to measure. 
C) predicts actual behavior. 
D) co-varies with the independent variable.

Question 14

Men and women of different age groups who have cancer are randomly assigned to groups differing in the dose of a new cancer-fighting drug in order to examine the effects on the progression of the disease. The dependent variable is:

Accepted Answer

A) disease progression. 
B) dose. 
C) age. 
D) gender. 
A) disease progression. 
B) dose. 
C) age. 
D) gender.

Question 15

Which correlation coefficient represents the weakest degree of relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A) -.2 
B) .1 
C) -.4 
D) .99 
A) -.2 
B) .1 
C) -.4 
D) .99

Question 16

A second-grade teacher seeks help from a school psychologist because a child in the teacher's class in particularly unruly. The school psychologist visits the class one day to observe the child. Knowing that she is being watched, the child decides to be on her best behavior. This scenario BEST illustrates _____ as a reason for why human behavior is difficult to study.

Accepted Answer

A) complexity 
B) reactivity 
C) reliability 
D) variability 
A) complexity 
B) reactivity 
C) reliability 
D) variability

Exam 2: Section 6: Methods in Psychology

Which is a good technique to avoid demand characteristics?

At a particular high school, there is a negative correlation between popularity and academic success. Which statement can be accurately inferred?

Random sampling is most closely associated with:

In an experimental design, volunteers are placed into the experimental group or the control group based on a flip of a coin. This method illustrates:

Which statement about ethical research in psychology is true?

Which statement can NOT be concluded from the systematic observation that children who watch televised aggression act more aggressively?

You decide to use a person's eye color as a measure of intelligence. Which statement is true?

Forming beliefs based on observations about the world is to _____ as forming beliefs based on authority is to _____.

One way to counteract a possible third-variable problem is to use:

Testing a hypothesis might result in _____ a theory.

Which statement is NOT true of a normal distribution?

A reliable measure is one that:

Men and women of different age groups who have cancer are randomly assigned to groups differing in the dose of a new cancer-fighting drug in order to examine the effects on the progression of the disease. The dependent variable is:

Which correlation coefficient represents the weakest degree of relationship between two variables?

Section 1: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 2: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 3: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 4 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 5: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 6 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 1: Methods in Psychology

Section 2: Methods in Psychology

Section 3: Methods in Psychology

Section 4: Methods in Psychology

Section 5: Methods in Psychology

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 6: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1 : Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 6: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness

Section 2: Consciousness

Section 3: Consciousness

Section 4: Consciousness

Section 5: Consciousness

Section 6: Consciousness

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 6: Memory

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5 : Learning

Section 6: Learning

Section 1: Emotion and Motivation

Section 2: Emotion and Motivation

Section 3: Emotion and Motivation

Section 4: Emotion and Motivation

Section 5: Emotion and Motivation

Section 6: Emotion and Motivation

Section 1: Language and Thought

Section 2: Language and Thought

Section 3: Language and Thought

Section 4: Language and Thought

Section 5: Language and Thought

Section 6: Language and Thought

Section 1: Intelligence

Section 2: Intelligence

Section 3: Intelligence

Section 4 : Intelligence

Section 5: Intelligence

Section 6 : Intelligence

Section 1: Development

Section 2: Development

Section 3: Development

Section 4: Development

Section 5: Development

Section 6: Development

Forming beliefs based on observations about the world is to _ as forming beliefs based on authority is to _.