Question 1

Babies are born with the ability to recognize and distinguish:

Accepted Answer

A) only the phonemes of the language their parents speak. 
B) among all phonemes. 
C) no phonemes. 
D) only the phonemes of languages similar to their native language. 
A) only the phonemes of the language their parents speak. 
B) among all phonemes. 
C) no phonemes. 
D) only the phonemes of languages similar to their native language. B

Question 2

Suppose that sports fans in the United States were given a list of the names of all the medal winners in the last Olympics. After a few minutes of study, the fans were asked to estimate what percentage of medals the United States won. The fans probably will _____ this number, due to the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) overestimate; hindsight bias 
B) overestimate; availability bias 
C) underestimate; hindsight bias 
D) overestimate; conjunctive fallacy 
A) overestimate; hindsight bias 
B) overestimate; availability bias 
C) underestimate; hindsight bias 
D) overestimate; conjunctive fallacy B

Question 3

_____ is the process that allows children to learn words rapidly by joining a word with a concept after experiencing it only once.

Accepted Answer

A) Singularism 
B) Dualism 
C) Fast mapping 
D) Grammar 
A) Singularism 
B) Dualism 
C) Fast mapping 
D) Grammar C

Question 4

Relative to solving problems using analytic strategies, insight is associated with a burst of electrical activity in the:

Accepted Answer

A) prefrontal cortex. 
B) right temporal lobe. 
C) right parietal lobe. 
D) cerebellum. 
A) prefrontal cortex. 
B) right temporal lobe. 
C) right parietal lobe. 
D) cerebellum.

Question 5

People with damage to Wernicke's area can:

Accepted Answer

A) use correct syntax. 
B) produce meaningful language. 
C) understand sign language. 
D) understand the spoken word. 
A) use correct syntax. 
B) produce meaningful language. 
C) understand sign language. 
D) understand the spoken word.

Question 6

Research on participants with prefrontal cortex damage suggests that these patients make more risky decisions because the:

Accepted Answer

A) positive emotional reaction to wins is enhanced relative to healthy individuals. 
B) negative emotional reaction to frequent losses is absent relative to healthy individuals. 
C) anticipatory emotional reactions that usually guide decision making are absent. 
D) emotional reactions to both wins and losses are blunted relative to healthy individuals. 
A) positive emotional reaction to wins is enhanced relative to healthy individuals. 
B) negative emotional reaction to frequent losses is absent relative to healthy individuals. 
C) anticipatory emotional reactions that usually guide decision making are absent. 
D) emotional reactions to both wins and losses are blunted relative to healthy individuals.

Question 7

Belief-neutral reasoning is associated with enhanced activity in the _____ lobe.

Accepted Answer

A) parietal 
B) temporal 
C) frontal 
D) occipital 
A) parietal 
B) temporal 
C) frontal 
D) occipital

Question 8

The smallest unit of sound that is categorized as speech is known as a:

Accepted Answer

A) phoneme. 
B) morpheme. 
C) word. 
D) sentence. 
A) phoneme. 
B) morpheme. 
C) word. 
D) sentence.

Question 9

If you have never seen a chihuahua, but you have seen somewhat similar types of dog breeds, such as rat terriers and miniature pinschers, which theory would BEST predict your ability to correctly identify a chihuahua as a "dog"?

Accepted Answer

A) morphological rules 
B) family resemblance theory 
C) exemplar theory 
D) prototype theory 
A) morphological rules 
B) family resemblance theory 
C) exemplar theory 
D) prototype theory

Question 10

Semantics refer to the _____ of a sentence.

Accepted Answer

A) structure 
B) meaning 
C) syntax 
D) morphology 
A) structure 
B) meaning 
C) syntax 
D) morphology

Question 11

Prospect theory assumes that people are:

Accepted Answer

A) more willing to take risks to achieve gains than to avoid losses. 
B) more willing to take risks to avoid losses than to achieve gains. 
C) equally willing to take risks to achieve gains and avoid losses. 
D) unwilling to take risks either to achieve gains or to avoid losses. 
A) more willing to take risks to achieve gains than to avoid losses. 
B) more willing to take risks to avoid losses than to achieve gains. 
C) equally willing to take risks to achieve gains and avoid losses. 
D) unwilling to take risks either to achieve gains or to avoid losses.

Question 12

_____ are convenient representations of categories because they reflect the overall most typical instance of the category.

Accepted Answer

A) Exemplars 
B) Prototypes 
C) Concepts 
D) Algorithms 
A) Exemplars 
B) Prototypes 
C) Concepts 
D) Algorithms

Question 13

The behaviorist approach to language development suggests that _____ plays a key role in learning words and grammar, whereas the nativists claim that language is _____ predetermined.

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement; biologically 
B) punishment; culturally 
C) reinforcement; culturally 
D) genetics; biologically 
A) reinforcement; biologically 
B) punishment; culturally 
C) reinforcement; culturally 
D) genetics; biologically

Question 14

Melissa is an attractive female who lives in San Diego and loves football. When asked to predict if it was more probable that she was a school teacher or a cheerleader for the San Diego Chargers, most people selected the latter even though there are thousands more school teachers than Charger cheerleaders in San Diego. This is an illustration of:

Accepted Answer

A) hindsight bias. 
B) the representative heuristic. 
C) base-rate decision making. 
D) the conjunction fallacy. 
A) hindsight bias. 
B) the representative heuristic. 
C) base-rate decision making. 
D) the conjunction fallacy.

Question 15

The overall conclusion of research investigating the link between language and thought is:

Accepted Answer

A) thought determines language because thinking precedes communication. 
B) language determines thought because thought is essentially an aspect of communication. 
C) language and thought are separate processes; neither exerts much influence over the other. 
D) language shapes thought, but language and thought remain separate to some extent. 
A) thought determines language because thinking precedes communication. 
B) language determines thought because thought is essentially an aspect of communication. 
C) language and thought are separate processes; neither exerts much influence over the other. 
D) language shapes thought, but language and thought remain separate to some extent.

Exam 9: Section 6: Language and Thought

Babies are born with the ability to recognize and distinguish:

Suppose that sports fans in the United States were given a list of the names of all the medal winners in the last Olympics. After a few minutes of study, the fans were asked to estimate what percentage of medals the United States won. The fans probably will _____ this number, due to the _____.

_____ is the process that allows children to learn words rapidly by joining a word with a concept after experiencing it only once.

Relative to solving problems using analytic strategies, insight is associated with a burst of electrical activity in the:

People with damage to Wernicke's area can:

Research on participants with prefrontal cortex damage suggests that these patients make more risky decisions because the:

Belief-neutral reasoning is associated with enhanced activity in the _____ lobe.

The smallest unit of sound that is categorized as speech is known as a:

If you have never seen a chihuahua, but you have seen somewhat similar types of dog breeds, such as rat terriers and miniature pinschers, which theory would BEST predict your ability to correctly identify a chihuahua as a "dog"?

Semantics refer to the _____ of a sentence.

Prospect theory assumes that people are:

_____ are convenient representations of categories because they reflect the overall most typical instance of the category.

The behaviorist approach to language development suggests that _____ plays a key role in learning words and grammar, whereas the nativists claim that language is _____ predetermined.

The overall conclusion of research investigating the link between language and thought is:

Section 1: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 2: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 3: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 4 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 5: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 6 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 1: Methods in Psychology

Section 2: Methods in Psychology

Section 3: Methods in Psychology

Section 4: Methods in Psychology

Section 5: Methods in Psychology

Section 6: Methods in Psychology

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 6: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1 : Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 6: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness

Section 2: Consciousness

Section 3: Consciousness

Section 4: Consciousness

Section 5: Consciousness

Section 6: Consciousness

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 6: Memory

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5 : Learning

Section 6: Learning

Section 1: Emotion and Motivation

Section 2: Emotion and Motivation

Section 3: Emotion and Motivation

Section 4: Emotion and Motivation

Section 5: Emotion and Motivation

Section 6: Emotion and Motivation

Section 1: Language and Thought

Section 2: Language and Thought

Section 3: Language and Thought

Section 4: Language and Thought

Section 5: Language and Thought

Section 1: Intelligence

Section 2: Intelligence

Section 3: Intelligence

Section 4 : Intelligence

Section 5: Intelligence

Section 6 : Intelligence

Section 1: Development

Section 2: Development

Section 3: Development

Section 4: Development

Section 5: Development

Section 6: Development

Suppose that sports fans in the United States were given a list of the names of all the medal winners in the last Olympics. After a few minutes of study, the fans were asked to estimate what percentage of medals the United States won. The fans probably will _ this number, due to the _.

The behaviorist approach to language development suggests that _ plays a key role in learning words and grammar, whereas the nativists claim that language is _ predetermined.