Exam 3: Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Scenario I The following scenario is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study: Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., and Poulton, R. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301(5631), 386-389. The serotonin transporter gene codes for the serotonin transporter, a protein that transports serotonin from the synapse to the presynaptic neuron. Several polymorphisms of the gene exist, including a "short" (s) and a "long" (l) variation. As humans receive one copy of the gene from each parent, people can be grouped into three groups based on this genetic variation: s/s (two copies of the short gene), s/l, and l/l. Caspi et al. (2003) interviewed participants in each of these groups and asked them a wide range of questions to determine both the degree of exposure to stress and the number of depressive episodes participants had experienced in their lives. Fabricated results consistent with their major findings are shown in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1 -(Scenario I) The function of the serotonin transporter protein is to:

Scenario I The following scenario is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study: Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., and Poulton, R. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301(5631), 386-389. The serotonin transporter gene codes for the serotonin transporter, a protein that transports serotonin from the synapse to the presynaptic neuron. Several polymorphisms of the gene exist, including a "short" (s) and a "long" (l) variation. As humans receive one copy of the gene from each parent, people can be grouped into three groups based on this genetic variation: s/s (two copies of the short gene), s/l, and l/l. Caspi et al. (2003) interviewed participants in each of these groups and asked them a wide range of questions to determine both the degree of exposure to stress and the number of depressive episodes participants had experienced in their lives. Fabricated results consistent with their major findings are shown in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1 -(Scenario I) Variation in the serotonin transporter gene was not predictive of depression:

Scenario II In pioneering research by Sperry and colleagues, split-brain patients were asked to stare at a dot on a screen centered between their eyes while words of common objects were projected onto the screen either in their left or right visual fields. Subsequently, patients were asked to reach behind a screen with either their left or right hands and identify the object amongst other common objects by touch alone. -(Scenario II) A "split brain" is the result of:

Scenario I The following scenario is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study: Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., and Poulton, R. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301(5631), 386-389. The serotonin transporter gene codes for the serotonin transporter, a protein that transports serotonin from the synapse to the presynaptic neuron. Several polymorphisms of the gene exist, including a "short" (s) and a "long" (l) variation. As humans receive one copy of the gene from each parent, people can be grouped into three groups based on this genetic variation: s/s (two copies of the short gene), s/l, and l/l. Caspi et al. (2003) interviewed participants in each of these groups and asked them a wide range of questions to determine both the degree of exposure to stress and the number of depressive episodes participants had experienced in their lives. Fabricated results consistent with their major findings are shown in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1 -(Scenario I) A gene is a segment of _____ that codes for traits.

Scenario I The following scenario is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study: Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., and Poulton, R. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301(5631), 386-389. The serotonin transporter gene codes for the serotonin transporter, a protein that transports serotonin from the synapse to the presynaptic neuron. Several polymorphisms of the gene exist, including a "short" (s) and a "long" (l) variation. As humans receive one copy of the gene from each parent, people can be grouped into three groups based on this genetic variation: s/s (two copies of the short gene), s/l, and l/l. Caspi et al. (2003) interviewed participants in each of these groups and asked them a wide range of questions to determine both the degree of exposure to stress and the number of depressive episodes participants had experienced in their lives. Fabricated results consistent with their major findings are shown in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1 -(Scenario I) Under conditions of low stress:

Scenario I The following scenario is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study: Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., and Poulton, R. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301(5631), 386-389. The serotonin transporter gene codes for the serotonin transporter, a protein that transports serotonin from the synapse to the presynaptic neuron. Several polymorphisms of the gene exist, including a "short" (s) and a "long" (l) variation. As humans receive one copy of the gene from each parent, people can be grouped into three groups based on this genetic variation: s/s (two copies of the short gene), s/l, and l/l. Caspi et al. (2003) interviewed participants in each of these groups and asked them a wide range of questions to determine both the degree of exposure to stress and the number of depressive episodes participants had experienced in their lives. Fabricated results consistent with their major findings are shown in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1 -(Scenario I) Which statement is NOT true about the relationship between genetic variation and depression under conditions of high stress?

Scenario II In pioneering research by Sperry and colleagues, split-brain patients were asked to stare at a dot on a screen centered between their eyes while words of common objects were projected onto the screen either in their left or right visual fields. Subsequently, patients were asked to reach behind a screen with either their left or right hands and identify the object amongst other common objects by touch alone. -(Scenario II) The split-brain surgical procedure effectively prevents communication between the:

Scenario II In pioneering research by Sperry and colleagues, split-brain patients were asked to stare at a dot on a screen centered between their eyes while words of common objects were projected onto the screen either in their left or right visual fields. Subsequently, patients were asked to reach behind a screen with either their left or right hands and identify the object amongst other common objects by touch alone. -(Scenario II) Using the procedure described in the scenario above, split-brain patients were simultaneously shown the word "key" in the left visual field and the word "chain" in the right visual field. They were then asked to reach behind a screen with their left hand and find the object that was projected onto the screen. Among the objects behind the screen are a key, a small chain, a keychain minus the key that one can typically purchase at novelty stores, and a lock. Which object will the patients select?

Scenario I The following scenario is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study: Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., and Poulton, R. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301(5631), 386-389. The serotonin transporter gene codes for the serotonin transporter, a protein that transports serotonin from the synapse to the presynaptic neuron. Several polymorphisms of the gene exist, including a "short" (s) and a "long" (l) variation. As humans receive one copy of the gene from each parent, people can be grouped into three groups based on this genetic variation: s/s (two copies of the short gene), s/l, and l/l. Caspi et al. (2003) interviewed participants in each of these groups and asked them a wide range of questions to determine both the degree of exposure to stress and the number of depressive episodes participants had experienced in their lives. Fabricated results consistent with their major findings are shown in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1 -(Scenario I) An individual has two copies of the small variation of the serotonin transporter gene and has been exposed to a high degree of stress over the course of her lifetime. Based on the results shown in the scenario, one could:

Scenario II In pioneering research by Sperry and colleagues, split-brain patients were asked to stare at a dot on a screen centered between their eyes while words of common objects were projected onto the screen either in their left or right visual fields. Subsequently, patients were asked to reach behind a screen with either their left or right hands and identify the object amongst other common objects by touch alone. -(Scenario II) Using the procedure described in the scenario, split-brain patients were simultaneously shown the word "key" in the left visual field and the word "chain" in the right visual field. They were then asked what word was projected onto the screen. Patients will respond that they saw the word:

Scenario I The following scenario is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study: Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., and Poulton, R. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301(5631), 386-389. The serotonin transporter gene codes for the serotonin transporter, a protein that transports serotonin from the synapse to the presynaptic neuron. Several polymorphisms of the gene exist, including a "short" (s) and a "long" (l) variation. As humans receive one copy of the gene from each parent, people can be grouped into three groups based on this genetic variation: s/s (two copies of the short gene), s/l, and l/l. Caspi et al. (2003) interviewed participants in each of these groups and asked them a wide range of questions to determine both the degree of exposure to stress and the number of depressive episodes participants had experienced in their lives. Fabricated results consistent with their major findings are shown in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1 -(Scenario I) The serotonin transporter protein essentially _____ serotonin.

Scenario II In pioneering research by Sperry and colleagues, split-brain patients were asked to stare at a dot on a screen centered between their eyes while words of common objects were projected onto the screen either in their left or right visual fields. Subsequently, patients were asked to reach behind a screen with either their left or right hands and identify the object amongst other common objects by touch alone. -(Scenario II) The split-brain surgical procedure is almost always performed to reduce: