Question 1

Stimuli reliably paired with drug administration often elicit effects _____ the drug; at a systems level this is an example of_____.

Accepted Answer

A) similar to; habituation 
B) opposite that of; habituation 
C) similar to; homeostasis 
D) opposite that of; homeostasis 
A) similar to; habituation 
B) opposite that of; habituation 
C) similar to; homeostasis 
D) opposite that of; homeostasis D

Question 2

Piaget's concepts of assimilation and accommodation have some similarities to the learning principles of:

Accepted Answer

A) the unconditioned and conditioned response. 
B) classical and operant conditioning. 
C) primary and secondary reinforcement. 
D) generalization and discrimination. 
A) the unconditioned and conditioned response. 
B) classical and operant conditioning. 
C) primary and secondary reinforcement. 
D) generalization and discrimination. D

Question 3

Ebbinghaus studied memory of nonsense syllables instead of real words to _____, and Bartlett criticized this methodology on the grounds of _____ validity.

Accepted Answer

A) minimize the effects of prior learning; external 
B) minimize the effects of prior learning; internal 
C) maximize the generality of the results; external 
D) maximize the generality of the results; internal 
A) minimize the effects of prior learning; external 
B) minimize the effects of prior learning; internal 
C) maximize the generality of the results; external 
D) maximize the generality of the results; internal A

Question 4

The heritability coefficient of extraversion is approximately .5. This means that:

Accepted Answer

A) a child psychologist can predict with 50 percent accuracy a client's extraversion level if she knows the extraversion levels of the child's parents. 
B) children inherit 50 percent of the tendencies toward extraversion or introversion from their mother, and 50 percent from their father. 
C) in any given child, half of extraversion is caused by genetic factors and half is caused by the environment. 
D) in a large group of children, 50 percent of the variability in extraversion scores would be due to genetic factors. 
A) a child psychologist can predict with 50 percent accuracy a client's extraversion level if she knows the extraversion levels of the child's parents. 
B) children inherit 50 percent of the tendencies toward extraversion or introversion from their mother, and 50 percent from their father. 
C) in any given child, half of extraversion is caused by genetic factors and half is caused by the environment. 
D) in a large group of children, 50 percent of the variability in extraversion scores would be due to genetic factors.

Question 5

A behaviorist's views on the person-situation controversy would be most similar to the views of:

Accepted Answer

A) Eysenck. 
B) Mischel. 
C) Allport. 
D) Freud. 
A) Eysenck. 
B) Mischel. 
C) Allport. 
D) Freud.

Question 6

The stage of Erickson's psychosocial development corresponding to the crisis of trust vs. mistrust most closely corresponds to Freud's _____ stage of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

A) oral 
B) anal 
C) phallic 
D) genital 
A) oral 
B) anal 
C) phallic 
D) genital

Question 7

Common assays used to determine if infants are attending to objects study a form of:

Accepted Answer

A) procedural memory. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) primary reinforcement. 
D) implicit learning. 
A) procedural memory. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) primary reinforcement. 
D) implicit learning.

Question 8

Generalized anxiety disorder is more prevalent in _____ cities, a fact most relevant to the field of _____ psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) larger; environmental 
B) larger; social 
C) smaller; environmental 
D) smaller; social 
A) larger; environmental 
B) larger; social 
C) smaller; environmental 
D) smaller; social

Question 9

Many psychologists prefer Eysenck's theory of personality to Cattell's because:

Accepted Answer

A) Cattell's theory relies on subjective reports from participants. 
B) Cattell's theory is not testable. 
C) Eysenck's theory accounts for more complex phenomena. 
D) Eysenck's theory is more parsimonious. 
A) Cattell's theory relies on subjective reports from participants. 
B) Cattell's theory is not testable. 
C) Eysenck's theory accounts for more complex phenomena. 
D) Eysenck's theory is more parsimonious.

Question 10

Research has indicated that there is a _____ between temperature and instances of aggression during professional baseball games.

Accepted Answer

A) positive correlation 
B) negative correlation 
C) direct causal relationship 
D) causal and inverse relationship 
A) positive correlation 
B) negative correlation 
C) direct causal relationship 
D) causal and inverse relationship

Question 11

Theories based on social learning theory posit that most boys might adopt traditional male gender roles because they receive social reinforcers for imitating male role models. By contrast, Freud's psychosexual theory states that boys resolve their unconscious castration anxiety, known as the _____, by adopting traditional male gender roles. In evaluating these theories, the social learning theory is preferred because it is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) genital stage; falsifiable 
B) phallic stage; more general 
C) Oedipus complex; more parsimonious 
D) psychosexual complex; testable 
A) genital stage; falsifiable 
B) phallic stage; more general 
C) Oedipus complex; more parsimonious 
D) psychosexual complex; testable

Question 12

The ability to use another person's reactions as information pertaining to how we should respond is termed _____; behaviorists would conceptualize the reactions of the other person in terms of a _____.

Accepted Answer

A) overimitation; secondary reinforcer 
B) overimitation; discriminative stimulus 
C) social referencing; secondary reinforcer 
D) social referencing; discriminative stimulus 
A) overimitation; secondary reinforcer 
B) overimitation; discriminative stimulus 
C) social referencing; secondary reinforcer 
D) social referencing; discriminative stimulus

Question 13

Dension, Reed, and Xu (2013) reported that infants as young as 24 weeks had a basic understanding of probability and random samples, a striking finding in light of the:

Accepted Answer

A) certainty effect. 
B) sunk-cost fallacy. 
C) conjunction fallacy. 
D) frequency format hypothesis. 
A) certainty effect. 
B) sunk-cost fallacy. 
C) conjunction fallacy. 
D) frequency format hypothesis.

Question 14

Avoidance motivation most closely corresponds to:

Accepted Answer

A) conscientiousness. 
B) rational coping. 
C) the need for achievement. 
D) the behavioral inhibition system. 
A) conscientiousness. 
B) rational coping. 
C) the need for achievement. 
D) the behavioral inhibition system.

Question 15

Postpartum depression is associated with _____ disturbances in the stress-response system ultimately regulated by the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) electrical; thalamus 
B) hormonal; hypothalamus 
C) hormonal; amygdala 
D) electrical; pituitary gland 
A) electrical; thalamus 
B) hormonal; hypothalamus 
C) hormonal; amygdala 
D) electrical; pituitary gland

Question 16

_____ tried using introspection to measure _____ experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) Wundt; perceptual 
B) Titchener; unconscious 
C) James; sensory 
D) Helmholtz; conscious 
A) Wundt; perceptual 
B) Titchener; unconscious 
C) James; sensory 
D) Helmholtz; conscious

Question 17

Research manipulating the number of bystanders across groups of randomly assigned participants has found that there is a _____ between the number of bystanders and the probability of any one participant helping.

Accepted Answer

A) positive correlation 
B) negative correlation 
C) direct causal relationship 
D) causal and inverse relationship 
A) positive correlation 
B) negative correlation 
C) direct causal relationship 
D) causal and inverse relationship

Question 18

Diet is to _____ as self-esteem is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) overeating; extraversion. 
B) anorexia nervosa; narcissism. 
C) bulimia nervosa ; major depressive disorder 
D) overeating; an internal locus of control 
A) overeating; extraversion. 
B) anorexia nervosa; narcissism. 
C) bulimia nervosa ; major depressive disorder 
D) overeating; an internal locus of control

Question 19

When participants engage in a task that requires shifting attention from visual to auditory information, such as what occurs while talking on a cell phone while driving, the _____ lobe of the brain becomes more active and the _____ lobe of the brain becomes less active.

Accepted Answer

A) frontal; temporal 
B) frontal; parietal 
C) temporal; occipital 
D) temporal; frontal 
A) frontal; temporal 
B) frontal; parietal 
C) temporal; occipital 
D) temporal; frontal

Question 20

Binet and Simon believed that tests that measured _____ were NOT _____ measures of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A) achievement; valid 
B) achievement; reliable 
C) aptitude; valid 
D) aptitude; reliable 
A) achievement; valid 
B) achievement; reliable 
C) aptitude; valid 
D) aptitude; reliable

Exam 17: Intelligence Testing and Psychological Perspectives

Stimuli reliably paired with drug administration often elicit effects _____ the drug; at a systems level this is an example of_____.

Piaget's concepts of assimilation and accommodation have some similarities to the learning principles of:

Ebbinghaus studied memory of nonsense syllables instead of real words to _____, and Bartlett criticized this methodology on the grounds of _____ validity.

The heritability coefficient of extraversion is approximately .5. This means that:

A behaviorist's views on the person-situation controversy would be most similar to the views of:

The stage of Erickson's psychosocial development corresponding to the crisis of trust vs. mistrust most closely corresponds to Freud's _____ stage of psychosexual development.

Common assays used to determine if infants are attending to objects study a form of:

Generalized anxiety disorder is more prevalent in _____ cities, a fact most relevant to the field of _____ psychology.

Many psychologists prefer Eysenck's theory of personality to Cattell's because:

Research has indicated that there is a _____ between temperature and instances of aggression during professional baseball games.

The ability to use another person's reactions as information pertaining to how we should respond is termed _____; behaviorists would conceptualize the reactions of the other person in terms of a _____.

Dension, Reed, and Xu (2013) reported that infants as young as 24 weeks had a basic understanding of probability and random samples, a striking finding in light of the:

Avoidance motivation most closely corresponds to:

Postpartum depression is associated with _____ disturbances in the stress-response system ultimately regulated by the _____.

_____ tried using introspection to measure _____ experiences.

Research manipulating the number of bystanders across groups of randomly assigned participants has found that there is a _____ between the number of bystanders and the probability of any one participant helping.

Diet is to _____ as self-esteem is to _____.

When participants engage in a task that requires shifting attention from visual to auditory information, such as what occurs while talking on a cell phone while driving, the _____ lobe of the brain becomes more active and the _____ lobe of the brain becomes less active.

Binet and Simon believed that tests that measured _____ were NOT _____ measures of intelligence.

Section 1: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 2: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 3: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 4 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 5: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 6 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 1: Methods in Psychology

Section 2: Methods in Psychology

Section 3: Methods in Psychology

Section 4: Methods in Psychology

Section 5: Methods in Psychology

Section 6: Methods in Psychology

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 6: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1 : Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 6: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness

Section 2: Consciousness

Section 3: Consciousness

Section 4: Consciousness

Section 5: Consciousness

Section 6: Consciousness

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 6: Memory

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5 : Learning

Section 6: Learning

Section 1: Emotion and Motivation

Section 2: Emotion and Motivation

Section 3: Emotion and Motivation

Section 4: Emotion and Motivation

Section 5: Emotion and Motivation

Section 6: Emotion and Motivation

Section 1: Language and Thought

Section 2: Language and Thought

Section 3: Language and Thought

Section 4: Language and Thought

Section 5: Language and Thought

Section 6: Language and Thought

Section 1: Intelligence

Section 2: Intelligence

Section 3: Intelligence

Section 4 : Intelligence

Section 5: Intelligence

Section 6 : Intelligence

Stimuli reliably paired with drug administration often elicit effects _ the drug; at a systems level this is an example of_.

Ebbinghaus studied memory of nonsense syllables instead of real words to _, and Bartlett criticized this methodology on the grounds of _ validity.

Generalized anxiety disorder is more prevalent in _ cities, a fact most relevant to the field of _ psychology.

The ability to use another person's reactions as information pertaining to how we should respond is termed _; behaviorists would conceptualize the reactions of the other person in terms of a _.

Postpartum depression is associated with _ disturbances in the stress-response system ultimately regulated by the _.

_ tried using introspection to measure _ experiences.

Diet is to _ as self-esteem is to _.

When participants engage in a task that requires shifting attention from visual to auditory information, such as what occurs while talking on a cell phone while driving, the _ lobe of the brain becomes more active and the _ lobe of the brain becomes less active.

Binet and Simon believed that tests that measured _ were NOT _ measures of intelligence.