Question 1

Explain what a contingency table is and discuss how it is useful in business research.

Accepted Answer

A contingency table is a data matrix that displays the frequency of some combination of possible responses to multiple variables. Two-way contingency tables, meaning they involve two less-than interval variables, are used most often. The row and column totals often are called marginals because they appear in the table's margins. Researchers usually are more interested in the inner cells of a contingency table because they display conditional frequencies (combinations). Using these values, we can draw more specific conclusions.

Question 2

When ranking data are transformed, the frequency of the ranking score should be divided by the score.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

A researcher interested in a data matrix that displays the frequency of some combination of possible responses to multiple variables should construct a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  perceptual map 
B)  contingency table 
C)  regression equation 
D)  marginal table 
A)  perceptual map 
B)  contingency table 
C)  regression equation 
D)  marginal table B

Question 4

An analysis of the basic cross-tabulation for each level of a variable not previously considered, such as subgroups of the sample, is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  group analysis 
B)  cluster analysis 
C)  ANOVA 
D)  elaboration analysis 
A)  group analysis 
B)  cluster analysis 
C)  ANOVA 
D)  elaboration analysis

Question 5

The purpose of a table in a research report is to summarize and communicate the meaning of the data to the reader.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Another name for data transformation is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  index analysis 
B)  data conversion 
C)  quadrant analysis 
D)  data exchange 
A)  index analysis 
B)  data conversion 
C)  quadrant analysis 
D)  data exchange

Question 7

When responses to two rating scale questions are plotted in four quadrants of a two- dimensional graph, this is called ______ analysis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When responses to two rating scale questions...

Question 8

A(n) _____ is a graphical way of showing a frequency distribution in which the height of a bar corresponds to the frequency of a category.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) _____ is a graphical way of...

Question 9

When a respondent's answers to ten Likert-scale items are added up to form a total score for these questions, this is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  data indexing. 
B)  data transformation 
C)  contingency analysis 
D)  data indexing 
A)  data indexing. 
B)  data transformation 
C)  contingency analysis 
D)  data indexing

Question 10

Descriptive statistics can summarize responses from large numbers of respondents in a few simple statistics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Data must always be interpreted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

When a third variable inserted into the analysis changes the results when two other variables were studied previously, this third variable is called a moderator variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A researcher is reviewing average household income data and sees that one household reported an annual income of over $1 million. This value lies outside the normal range of the data and is called a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  abnormality 
B)  marginal 
C)  outlier 
D)  quartile 
A)  abnormality 
B)  marginal 
C)  outlier 
D)  quartile

Question 14

Explain the process and importance of interpretation in business research.

Accepted Answer

Interpretation is the process of drawing

Question 15

Researchers often perform a(n) _____ to collapse a scale with multiple response points into two categories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers often perform a(n) _____ to collapse...

Question 16

Box and whisker plots provide graphic representations of central tendencies, percentiles, variabilities, and the shapes of frequency distributions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A contingency table is a data matrix that displays the frequency of some combination of possible responses to multiple variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A category split means respondents below the observed median go into one category and respondents above the median go into another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

If a business wants to know if more males or females work in its two manufacturing facilities, which of the following answers this question?

Accepted Answer

A)  regression analysis 
B)  cluster analysis 
C)  cross-tabulation 
D)  interaction analysis 
A)  regression analysis 
B)  cluster analysis 
C)  cross-tabulation 
D)  interaction analysis

Question 20

Data with which type of distribution are appropriate for division based on the median split?

Accepted Answer

A)  normally distributed 
B)  unimodal distribution 
C)  bimodal distribution 
D)  uniform distribution 
A)  normally distributed 
B)  unimodal distribution 
C)  bimodal distribution 
D)  uniform distribution

Exam 20: Basic Data Analysis: Descriptive Statistics

Explain what a contingency table is and discuss how it is useful in business research.

When ranking data are transformed, the frequency of the ranking score should be divided by the score.

A researcher interested in a data matrix that displays the frequency of some combination of possible responses to multiple variables should construct a _____.

An analysis of the basic cross-tabulation for each level of a variable not previously considered, such as subgroups of the sample, is referred to as _____.

The purpose of a table in a research report is to summarize and communicate the meaning of the data to the reader.

Another name for data transformation is _____.

When responses to two rating scale questions are plotted in four quadrants of a two- dimensional graph, this is called ______ analysis.

A(n) _____ is a graphical way of showing a frequency distribution in which the height of a bar corresponds to the frequency of a category.

When a respondent's answers to ten Likert-scale items are added up to form a total score for these questions, this is an example of _____.

Descriptive statistics can summarize responses from large numbers of respondents in a few simple statistics.

Data must always be interpreted.

When a third variable inserted into the analysis changes the results when two other variables were studied previously, this third variable is called a moderator variable.

A researcher is reviewing average household income data and sees that one household reported an annual income of over $1 million. This value lies outside the normal range of the data and is called a(n) _____.

Explain the process and importance of interpretation in business research.

Researchers often perform a(n) _____ to collapse a scale with multiple response points into two categories.

Box and whisker plots provide graphic representations of central tendencies, percentiles, variabilities, and the shapes of frequency distributions.

A contingency table is a data matrix that displays the frequency of some combination of possible responses to multiple variables.

A category split means respondents below the observed median go into one category and respondents above the median go into another.

If a business wants to know if more males or females work in its two manufacturing facilities, which of the following answers this question?

Data with which type of distribution are appropriate for division based on the median split?

The Role of Business Research

Information Systems and Knowledge Management

Theory Building

The Business Research Process

The Human Side of Business Research: Organizational and Ethical Issues

Problem Definition: the Foundation of Business Research

Qualitative Research

Secondary Data Research in a Digital Age

Survey Research: an Overview

Survey Research: Communicating With Respondents

Observation

Experimental Research

Measurement

Attitude Measurement

Questionnaire Design

Sampling Designs and Sampling Procedures

Determination of Sample Size: a Review of Statistical Theory

Fieldwork

Editing and Coding: Transforming Raw Data Into Information

Univariate Statistical Analysis

Bivariate Statistical Analysis: Differences Between Two Variables

Bivariate Statistical Analysis: Measures of Association

Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Communicating Research Results: Report Generation, Oral Presentation, and Follow-Up

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