Question 1

Figure 23.3
-Upon being formed, oceanic islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands, should feature what characteristic, leading to which phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  mass extinctions, leading to bottleneck effect 
B)  major evolutionary innovations, leading to rafting to nearby continents 
C)  a variety of empty ecological niches, leading to adaptive radiation 
D)  adaptive radiation, leading to founder effect 
A)  mass extinctions, leading to bottleneck effect 
B)  major evolutionary innovations, leading to rafting to nearby continents 
C)  a variety of empty ecological niches, leading to adaptive radiation 
D)  adaptive radiation, leading to founder effect

Question 2

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
All animals with eyes or eyespots that have been studied so far share a gene in common. When mutated, the gene Pax-6 causes lack of eyes in fruit flies, tiny eyes in mice, and missing irises (and other eye parts) in humans. The sequence of Pax-6 in humans and mice is identical. There are so few sequence differences with fruit fly Pax-6 that the human/mouse version can cause eye formation in eyeless fruit flies, even though vertebrates and invertebrates last shared a common ancestor more than 500 million years ago.
-Fruit fly eyes are of the compound type, which is structurally very different from the camera-type eyes of mammals. Even the camera-type eyes of molluscs, such as octopi, are structurally quite different from those of mammals. Yet, fruit flies, octopi, and mammals possess very similar versions of Pax-6. The fact that the same gene helps produce very different types of eyes is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the few differences in nucleotide sequence among the Pax-6 genes of these organisms. 
B)  variations in the number of Pax-6 genes among these organisms. 
C)  the independent evolution of this gene at many different times during animal evolution. 
D)  differences in the control of Pax-6 expression among these organisms. 
A)  the few differences in nucleotide sequence among the Pax-6 genes of these organisms. 
B)  variations in the number of Pax-6 genes among these organisms. 
C)  the independent evolution of this gene at many different times during animal evolution. 
D)  differences in the control of Pax-6 expression among these organisms.

Question 3

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
Figure 23.1 represents a cross section of the seafloor through a mid-ocean rift valley, with alternating patches of black and white indicating seafloor with reversed magnetic polarities. At the arrow labeled I (the rift valley), the igneous rock of the seafloor is so young that it can be accurately dated using carbon-14 dating. At the arrow labeled III, however, the igneous rock is about 1 million years old, and potassium-40 dating is typically used to date such rocks. Note: The horizontal arrows indicate the direction of seafloor spreading, away from the rift valley.   Figure 23.1
-Assuming that the rate of seafloor spreading was constant during the 1-million-year period depicted in Figure 23.1, what should be the approximate age of marine fossils found in undisturbed sedimentary rock immediately overlying the igneous rock at the arrow labeled II?

Accepted Answer

A)  10,000 years 
B)  250,000 years 
C)  500,000 years 
D)  1,000,000 years 
A)  10,000 years 
B)  250,000 years 
C)  500,000 years 
D)  1,000,000 years

Question 4

Figure 23.3
-  Figure 23.4
This evolutionary tree shows the influence of speciation and extinction on the diversity of life. After 2 million years lineage A had a(n) ________ rate of speciation and ________ extinction rates compared to lineage B.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher; lower 
B)  lower; higher 
C)  increased; decreased 
D)  improved; enhanced 
A)  higher; lower 
B)  lower; higher 
C)  increased; decreased 
D)  improved; enhanced

Question 5

Which event stimulated the rapid development of eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction of some organisms 
B)  addition of oxygen to the atmosphere 
C)  origin of multicellular organisms 
D)  colonization of land 
A)  extinction of some organisms 
B)  addition of oxygen to the atmosphere 
C)  origin of multicellular organisms 
D)  colonization of land

Exam 23: Broad Patterns of Evolution

Figure 23.3 -Upon being formed, oceanic islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands, should feature what characteristic, leading to which phenomenon?

Figure 23.3 - Figure 23.4 This evolutionary tree shows the influence of speciation and extinction on the diversity of life. After 2 million years lineage A had a(n) ________ rate of speciation and ________ extinction rates compared to lineage B.

Which event stimulated the rapid development of eukaryotes?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 23.3 - Figure 23.4 This evolutionary tree shows the influence of speciation and extinction on the diversity of life. After 2 million years lineage A had a(n) rate of speciation and extinction rates compared to lineage B.