Exam 8: Motivation and Emotion

Extrinsic motivation consists of external influences on behavior, such as rewards, social evaluations, rules, and responsibilities.

According to research by evolutionary psychologist David Buss, the notion of an older, wealthy man marrying a younger, attractive woman-the so-called "trophy wife"-is nothing more than a myth perpetuated by the popular media.

In collectivistic cultures, people strive for achievements to promote the status or well-being of other members of their family or social group.

This image depicts the interaction of some of the key hormones and neurotransmitters that regulate hunger, including where they are manufactured in the body, and whether they increase (+) or decrease (-) hunger. Which letter indicates the hormone leptin?

Amae is a(n):

The three basic characteristics commonly associated with motivation are:

Which of the following has provided limited support for the James-Lange theory?

Beyond the United States, rapidly increasing rates of obesity have become a global health problem, with more than 1 billion people overweight and at least 500 million of these clinically obese.

Taking the evolutionary perspective, psychologist David Buss contends that men are more likely to seek a younger mate because younger women have a greater number of childbearing years ahead of them than older women.

Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory is the theory of emotion with the greatest degree of research support, having been confirmed by hundreds of scientific studies.

Discuss how individualistic and collectivistic cultures differ in achievement motivation.

Social and cultural rules that regulate the expression of emotions, particularly facial expressions, are called display rules.

David Buss examined mate preferences between men and women in 37 different cultures. He found that women have different concerns than men when selecting a mate. Compared to men, women:

Lena often expresses her anger in private but never in public. Her husband, Leonard, sometimes expresses his anger in public but would be very embarrassed to be caught crying in public. This example illustrates:

The two-factor theory of emotion proposes that we label physiological arousal as a given emotion on the basis of our cognitive interpretation of the situation.

When shown photographs of facial expressions of basic emotions, people from 21 different countries:

Researchers have concluded that sexual orientation is established as early as age six and that:

Arousal of the sympathetic nervous system gears you up for action, affecting many body systems such as heartbeat, blood pressure, respiration, perspiration, and blood sugar levels.

In a study by Ann Kring and Albert Gordon, participants watched film clips that typically evoke happiness, fear, or sadness. Kring and Gordon found that men and women did not differ in their self-ratings of the emotions they experienced in response to the film clips.

A Focus on Neuroscience feature in the motivation and emotion chapter described a PET scan study by researcher Antonio Damasio and his colleagues. The study found that when participants recalled an emotionally charged memory, internal brain changes occurred before the participant reported subjectively feeling the emotion. This evidence provides support for: