Exam 8: Motivation and Emotion

Discuss psychological research on patterns of behavior that are associated with the development of sexual orientation in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

Although drive theories of motivation are of historical interest, contemporary psychologists no longer use drive theory concepts to explain motivated behavior.

______ influence the motivation to eat.

"People have a sociability motive because interacting with others affords more opportunities to find a potential mate." This statement best illustrates instinct theories of motivation.

The Focus on Neuroscience box "Dopamine Receptors and Obesity" described a PET scan study comparing normal weight and obese individuals. What did the study find?

Benjamin has a body mass index of 33.6, which means that he is within the normal range for his height and weight.

Dave is very confident about his ability to deal effectively with any situation that might arise in his job as a firefighter. Albert Bandura would probably classify Dave as a person with a high level of _____ in firefighting situations.

The cognitive appraisal theory of emotion emphasizes that the most important aspect of an emotional experience is a person's cognitive appraisal of the emotion-causing stimulus.

In the 1950s, psychologists Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow promoted humanistic theories of motivation.

In his landmark text, Principles of Psychology, _____ included fear, disgust, greediness, cleanliness, modesty, and parental love in his list of human instincts.

Who is the author of the following quote: "Common sense says we lose our fortune, are sorry and weep; we meet a bear, are frightened and run; we are insulted by a rival, are angry and strike. The hypothesis here to be defended says that this order of sequence is incorrect, that the one mental state is not immediately induced by the other, that the bodily manifestations must first be interposed between, and that the more rational statement is that we feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble."

Another name for glucose is blood sugar.

The view that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal that is neither too high nor too low is called:

How does the evolutionary perspective explain the observation that many wild animals overeat when food is available?

Terry works very hard at his job and hopes to get promoted to the position of manager. He is motivated by the urge to control or influence the behavior of other people, a type of motivation called:

A prospective study:

Explain the basics of the process of energy homeostasis, contrasting the effects of positive and negative energy balance.

Which of the following is a hormone that helps signal feelings of fullness when eating a meal?

Research has shown that people who sleep about 5 to 6 hours per night have much lower levels of the hormone ghrelin, decreasing their desire to eat.

Drive theories propose that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs, such as hunger or thirst.