Question 1

Well-established learning principles, such as the different types of reinforcement, are most closely associated with which type of motivation theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  instinct theories 
B)  incentive theories 
C)  drive theories 
D)  humanistic theories 
A)  instinct theories 
B)  incentive theories 
C)  drive theories 
D)  humanistic theories

Question 2

In comparing the incidence of homosexuality-either male or female-among pairs of identical twins, fraternal twins, and adoptive siblings, the research seems to indicate that:

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic factors play a role in determining sexual orientation. 
B)  genetic factors play either a very small or nonexistent role in sexual orientation. 
C)  having a very dominant mother or a very permissive father seems to contribute to the development of a homosexual orientation. 
D)  the closer the degree of genetic relationship, the less likely it is that when one sibling was homosexual, the other would also be homosexual. 
A)  genetic factors play a role in determining sexual orientation. 
B)  genetic factors play either a very small or nonexistent role in sexual orientation. 
C)  having a very dominant mother or a very permissive father seems to contribute to the development of a homosexual orientation. 
D)  the closer the degree of genetic relationship, the less likely it is that when one sibling was homosexual, the other would also be homosexual.

Question 3

Your text concludes the discussion of emotion theories with the statement that psychologists today acknowledge that emotions can be triggered in multiple ways. Explain what this statement means, and list some of the different ways that emotional responses can be triggered. Include a discussion of the brain's dual fear circuit in your answer.

Accepted Answer

The statement that psychologists today a

Question 4

Even though ob/ob mice have five times as much body fat as normal-weight mice, they behave like starving animals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Psychologists can now directly measure the psychological state of motivation using PET scans or functional MRI scans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

It's not always easy to categorize a person's sexual orientation because people are not always exclusively heterosexual or homosexual in their behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Most children become aware of their sexual orientation-whether it is heterosexual or homosexual-before adolescence and long before the child expresses those feelings in some form of sexual behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following statements about gender and emotion is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scientific evidence shows that there are no differences between males and females in either the degree of emotion experienced or in the expression of emotions. 
B)  Males are much more emotionally expressive than females in almost every culture studied. 
C)  In private situations, women show less emotion than men do, but in public situations, men display much more emotion than women. 
D)  In American culture, women tend to be more emotionally expressive than men. 
A)  Scientific evidence shows that there are no differences between males and females in either the degree of emotion experienced or in the expression of emotions. 
B)  Males are much more emotionally expressive than females in almost every culture studied. 
C)  In private situations, women show less emotion than men do, but in public situations, men display much more emotion than women. 
D)  In American culture, women tend to be more emotionally expressive than men.

Question 9

Although men see women as the more emotional sex, women don't see themselves as being more emotional than men.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The fact that most of us maintain a very stable baseline body weight over time reflects the process of energy homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A series of classic studies by psychologist Harry Harlow in the 1950s showed the importance of arousal as a motivator. In one of those studies, monkeys kept in a boring cage "worked" for the opportunity to watch an electric train run.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In Japanese culture, the emotional dimension of interpersonal engagement involves concealing emotions from one's future marital partner during the engagement phase of the relationship.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Paralyzing facial muscles with Botox may make people who have had the procedure less able to recognize emotional expressions in others. The explanation given for this finding is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Botox injections decrease activity in four brain areas (the anterior cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus, putamen, and insula) involved in interpreting emotions in other people. 
B)  feedback from our facial muscles helps us understand emotional expressions in others, and Botox prevents that from happening. 
C)  Botox injections to facial muscles can heighten emotional experiences, increase physiological arousal, and lessen our ability to pay attention to what others are feeling. 
D)  Botox injections affect brain areas, such as the amygdala, that regulate emotional experiences and lessen the ability to feel our own emotions as well as those of others. 
A)  Botox injections decrease activity in four brain areas (the anterior cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus, putamen, and insula) involved in interpreting emotions in other people. 
B)  feedback from our facial muscles helps us understand emotional expressions in others, and Botox prevents that from happening. 
C)  Botox injections to facial muscles can heighten emotional experiences, increase physiological arousal, and lessen our ability to pay attention to what others are feeling. 
D)  Botox injections affect brain areas, such as the amygdala, that regulate emotional experiences and lessen the ability to feel our own emotions as well as those of others.

Question 14

According to Maslow's research, self-actualized people are capable of having frequent peak experiences. Maslow meant that self-actualized people:

Accepted Answer

A)  commonly have moments of intense ecstasy, wonder, or awe. 
B)  are motivated by a profound sense of ethics or responsibility. 
C)  have an intense need to be surrounded by other people. 
D)  often have very exaggerated views of their abilities and talents. 
A)  commonly have moments of intense ecstasy, wonder, or awe. 
B)  are motivated by a profound sense of ethics or responsibility. 
C)  have an intense need to be surrounded by other people. 
D)  often have very exaggerated views of their abilities and talents.

Question 15

If your caloric intake exceeds the amount of calories expended for energy, you experience:

Accepted Answer

A)  leptin resistance. 
B)  energy balance. 
C)  negative energy balance. 
D)  positive energy balance. 
A)  leptin resistance. 
B)  energy balance. 
C)  negative energy balance. 
D)  positive energy balance.

Question 16

As part of your biological psychology class, you conduct an experiment in which a rat's brain is continuously infused with a hormone called ghrelin. Based on what you've learned about ghrelin in your psychology text, you predict that the rat will:

Accepted Answer

A)  display negative energy balance and lose weight gradually. 
B)  develop a huge appetite and gain weight. 
C)  lose its appetite and stop eating altogether. 
D)  display a significant decrease in its body mass index. 
A)  display negative energy balance and lose weight gradually. 
B)  develop a huge appetite and gain weight. 
C)  lose its appetite and stop eating altogether. 
D)  display a significant decrease in its body mass index.

Question 17

Because facial expressions for different emotions vary tremendously from one culture to another, most psychologists believe that facial expressions are learned behaviors, acquired through observational learning and operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

According to set-point theory, the natural or optimal weight that the body maintains by increases or decreases in hunger and basal metabolic rate is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  settling-point weight. 
B)  body mass index weight. 
C)  basal metabolic weight. 
D)  set-point weight. 
A)  settling-point weight. 
B)  body mass index weight. 
C)  basal metabolic weight. 
D)  set-point weight.

Question 19

Basic emotions:

Accepted Answer

A)  are universal and biologically determined, the products of evolution. 
B)  are found only in young children. 
C)  have only one of the three characteristics of emotions. 
D)  are culturally determined emotions that are specific to a particular culture. 
A)  are universal and biologically determined, the products of evolution. 
B)  are found only in young children. 
C)  have only one of the three characteristics of emotions. 
D)  are culturally determined emotions that are specific to a particular culture.

Question 20

Psychologist David Buss conducted a large-scale survey of more than 10,000 people in 37 different cultures on the general topic of mate preferences. What did Buss find?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women in collectivistic cultures considered financial security to be an important consideration in choosing a mate, but women in individualistic cultures did not. 
B)  In choosing a mate, the quality of "mutual attraction and love" is important in individualistic cultures, but not in collectivistic cultures. 
C)  Qualities preferred in a mate varied dramatically from one culture to another. 
D)  Across all cultures, men were more likely than women to value youth and physical attractiveness in a potential mate. 
A)  Women in collectivistic cultures considered financial security to be an important consideration in choosing a mate, but women in individualistic cultures did not. 
B)  In choosing a mate, the quality of "mutual attraction and love" is important in individualistic cultures, but not in collectivistic cultures. 
C)  Qualities preferred in a mate varied dramatically from one culture to another. 
D)  Across all cultures, men were more likely than women to value youth and physical attractiveness in a potential mate.

Well-established learning principles, such as the different types of reinforcement, are most closely associated with which type of motivation theories?

In comparing the incidence of homosexuality-either male or female-among pairs of identical twins, fraternal twins, and adoptive siblings, the research seems to indicate that:

Even though ob/ob mice have five times as much body fat as normal-weight mice, they behave like starving animals.

Psychologists can now directly measure the psychological state of motivation using PET scans or functional MRI scans.

It's not always easy to categorize a person's sexual orientation because people are not always exclusively heterosexual or homosexual in their behavior.

Most children become aware of their sexual orientation-whether it is heterosexual or homosexual-before adolescence and long before the child expresses those feelings in some form of sexual behavior.

Which of the following statements about gender and emotion is TRUE?

Although men see women as the more emotional sex, women don't see themselves as being more emotional than men.

The fact that most of us maintain a very stable baseline body weight over time reflects the process of energy homeostasis.

A series of classic studies by psychologist Harry Harlow in the 1950s showed the importance of arousal as a motivator. In one of those studies, monkeys kept in a boring cage "worked" for the opportunity to watch an electric train run.

In Japanese culture, the emotional dimension of interpersonal engagement involves concealing emotions from one's future marital partner during the engagement phase of the relationship.

Paralyzing facial muscles with Botox may make people who have had the procedure less able to recognize emotional expressions in others. The explanation given for this finding is that:

According to Maslow's research, self-actualized people are capable of having frequent peak experiences. Maslow meant that self-actualized people:

If your caloric intake exceeds the amount of calories expended for energy, you experience:

As part of your biological psychology class, you conduct an experiment in which a rat's brain is continuously infused with a hormone called ghrelin. Based on what you've learned about ghrelin in your psychology text, you predict that the rat will:

Because facial expressions for different emotions vary tremendously from one culture to another, most psychologists believe that facial expressions are learned behaviors, acquired through observational learning and operant conditioning.

According to set-point theory, the natural or optimal weight that the body maintains by increases or decreases in hunger and basal metabolic rate is called the:

Basic emotions:

Psychologist David Buss conducted a large-scale survey of more than 10,000 people in 37 different cultures on the general topic of mate preferences. What did Buss find?

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Exam 8: Motivation and Emotion

Well-established learning principles, such as the different types of reinforcement, are most closely associated with which type of motivation theories?

In comparing the incidence of homosexuality-either male or female-among pairs of identical twins, fraternal twins, and adoptive siblings, the research seems to indicate that:

Even though ob/ob mice have five times as much body fat as normal-weight mice, they behave like starving animals.

Psychologists can now directly measure the psychological state of motivation using PET scans or functional MRI scans.

It's not always easy to categorize a person's sexual orientation because people are not always exclusively heterosexual or homosexual in their behavior.

Most children become aware of their sexual orientation-whether it is heterosexual or homosexual-before adolescence and long before the child expresses those feelings in some form of sexual behavior.

Which of the following statements about gender and emotion is TRUE?

Although men see women as the more emotional sex, women don't see themselves as being more emotional than men.

The fact that most of us maintain a very stable baseline body weight over time reflects the process of energy homeostasis.

A series of classic studies by psychologist Harry Harlow in the 1950s showed the importance of arousal as a motivator. In one of those studies, monkeys kept in a boring cage "worked" for the opportunity to watch an electric train run.

In Japanese culture, the emotional dimension of interpersonal engagement involves concealing emotions from one's future marital partner during the engagement phase of the relationship.

Paralyzing facial muscles with Botox may make people who have had the procedure less able to recognize emotional expressions in others. The explanation given for this finding is that:

According to Maslow's research, self-actualized people are capable of having frequent peak experiences. Maslow meant that self-actualized people:

If your caloric intake exceeds the amount of calories expended for energy, you experience:

As part of your biological psychology class, you conduct an experiment in which a rat's brain is continuously infused with a hormone called ghrelin. Based on what you've learned about ghrelin in your psychology text, you predict that the rat will:

Because facial expressions for different emotions vary tremendously from one culture to another, most psychologists believe that facial expressions are learned behaviors, acquired through observational learning and operant conditioning.

According to set-point theory, the natural or optimal weight that the body maintains by increases or decreases in hunger and basal metabolic rate is called the:

Basic emotions:

Psychologist David Buss conducted a large-scale survey of more than 10,000 people in 37 different cultures on the general topic of mate preferences. What did Buss find?

Introduction and Research Methods

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters