Exam 8: Motivation and Emotion

Nate wonders how his friend Jim can wake up at 5:00 every morning to swim laps before school. When he asks about it, Jim replies that he simply wants to realize his highest personal potential in swimming. Jim's explanation is most consistent with humanistic theories of motivation.

A researcher classically conditioned a dog to salivate every 60 minutes by presenting the dog with food at 60-minute intervals throughout the day. Following this procedure, what is the researcher likely to observe?

Psychologists generally agree that the basic emotions are fear, surprise, anger, regret, jealousy, and disappointment.

A _____ is sexually attracted to both males and females, and a _____ is sexually attracted to individuals of the opposite sex.

Taylor is highly motivated to maintain a high grade point average because her goal is to pursue studies at the graduate level. Taylor's motivation is best explained by:

Ricardo has been feeling gloomy and generally discontented ever since the semester ended two weeks ago. When he received his transcript in the mail and discovered that the lowest grade he got was a B+, he felt elated and overjoyed. Ricardo's two states (pervasive gloominess and sudden intense joy) illustrate the difference between _____ and _____.

When a food with a high positive incentive value is readily available, we eat until we are satiated by that specific taste, which is termed sensory-specific satiety.

Which brain structure is activated first when people view threatening or fearful faces?

Most of the testosterone in a woman's body is produced by her adrenal glands.

Which of the following internal changes reliably predicts eating behavior?

Which of the following is an example of an emotion that represents an evolutionary adaptation to problems of survival or reproduction?

The _____ states that emotions arise from the perception and interpretation of bodily changes.

Dr. Paul Ekman coded different facial expressions by carefully analyzing which facial muscles are involved in producing different expressions such as disgust, surprise, sadness, anger, happiness, and fear. When shown photographs of these facial expressions, research participants were able to correctly identify the emotions being displayed. Based on this and other studies, Dr. Ekman concluded that:

Anthony decides to start running every morning before his first college class. He buys running clothes and some expensive athletic shoes, yet never quite makes it to the running path. What strategies could help Anthony achieve his goal?

The two most basic dimensions of emotion are _____ and _____.

Increased brain activity of neuropeptide Y leads to _____, and decreased brain activity of the hormone leptin leads to _____.

When Paul Ekman showed facial expressions of basic emotions to members of 21 different cultures, he found that despite their different cultural experiences, all the participants identified the emotions being expressed with a high degree of accuracy.

Dopamine brain pathways are involved in the reinforcing feelings of pleasure and satisfaction.

Which of the following is secreted by the pancreas, helps control blood levels of glucose, and promotes the uptake of glucose by the muscles and other body tissues?

The attribution of human traits, motives, emotions, or behaviors to nonhuman animals or inanimate objects is called: