Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

A problem in your textbook asks you to look at five representations of the number 3 displayed at different orientations and then identify which of the five are backward. The point of the demonstration is that:

Insight is the sudden realization of how a problem can be solved.

Many researchers, parents, and people "on the autism spectrum" are embracing a new approach to autism spectrum disorders. They recognize that people with autistic symptoms process information, communicate, and experience their social and physical environment differently than neurotypical people, who don't have these symptoms. This approach is called:

The _____ occurs when people accept only the evidence that conforms to their belief, rejecting or ignoring any evidence that does not.

Since moving to the United States, Ernesto has established a very successful consulting business advising U.S. corporations that plan to market their products in Central and South America. Ernesto appears to excel in what Robert Sternberg would call:

When tests were described as measuring intelligence: Hispanic students performed more poorly than white students; children from a low socioeconomic background performed more poorly than students from higher socioeconomic backgrounds; and social science majors scored lower than natural science majors. These examples all illustrate stereotype threat.

In order to find out if her new abstract reasoning test is good at measuring what it was designed to measure, Dr. Marshall compares the scores on her test with the scores and grades of college students enrolled in courses that involve abstract reasoning. In this instance, Dr. Marshall is in the process of:

About 68 percent of people who take the WAIS-IV intelligence test will score between 85 and 115.

Which of the following psychologists is most likely to agree with the idea that there are seven different primary mental abilities, each of which is a relatively independent element of intelligence?

A problem-solving strategy that involves following a specific rule, procedure, or method, that inevitably produces the correct solution, is referred to as a heuristic.

For individuals who are genetically related, how does similarity in IQ scores vary with degree of genetic relatedness?

Breaking a problem into subgoals and working backward from the goal are both useful heuristics that can help people solve complex problems.

The Buraku people of Japan, who other Japanese look down upon and whose IQ scores are 10 to 15 points below mainstream Japanese, illustrate the fact that:

Dr. Milovitch systematically mixed thousands of different combinations of chemical compounds in order to find one that would be a pollution-free refrigerator coolant. Dr. Milovitch's approach best illustrates:

The linguistic relativity hypothesis is the idea that:

A heritability estimate of 60 percent for intelligence would mean that roughly 60 percent of a given individual's IQ score is due to his or her genes.

Louis L. Thurstone believed that:

In general, you can quickly identify an item as being an example of a natural concept if the item:

Sonia has received job offers from two different companies. Since she is uncertain about which job offer to accept, Sonia makes a list of the features of each company. She then rates these features using a 10-point scale, with 10 being the best. Finally, Sonia adds up the ratings for each company. She accepts the job offer from the company with the highest score. Sonia uses the _____ model to help her make her decision about which job to accept.

The percentage of variation within a given population that is due to heredity is called: