Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Which of the following is the best example of the phenomenon called stereotype threat?

Standardization is the process of administering a test to a large, representative sample of people under uniform conditions for the purpose of establishing norms.

Psychologist Margaret Shih and her colleagues conducted a study in which mathematically gifted Asian American female college students were randomly assigned to three groups. Group 1 filled out a questionnaire about their Asian background, designed to remind them of their Asian identity. Group 2 filled out a questionnaire designed to remind them of their female identity. Group 3 was the control group and filled out a neutral questionnaire. The students who were reminded of their racial identity as Asians scored significantly higher on the exam than the students who were reminded of their gender identity as women. The effect of racial identity in this study is an example of:

The U.S. military first derived the intelligence quotient (IQ) by dividing a score on the Army Alpha test by the score on the Army Beta test.

The Flynn effect provides support for the influence of _____ in determining IQ scores.

Research on the cognitive ability to manipulate mental images indicates that:

The In Focus box on neurodiversity presents information on the idea of neurodiversity and notes that people with a mild form of autism spectrum disorder typically show abnormal and slow language development, have narrow interests and inflexible behavior, and, by definition, have an IQ of 70 or below.

Cissy likes to drive fast, counting on her matronly appearance and southern charm to avoid getting a speeding ticket. She believes that most speeders who get tickets are young males driving high-performance cars, so she is surprised when an officer pulls her over and gives her a $200 speeding ticket, despite the fact that she has three kids in her SUV with soccer balls and uniforms in the back. Cissy was misled by _____ in her belief that she was highly unlikely to get a speeding ticket.

Which of the following BEST defines a prototype?

ESP believers and ESP disbelievers participated in a study in which they watched two attempts to demonstrate telepathic communication. Although the participants didn't know it, one attempt was rigged to appear successful, and the other attempt was rigged to fail. Following the demonstration:

The most widely accepted definition of intelligence is "the global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment."

Mental age is a measurement of intelligence in which an individual's mental level is expressed in terms of the average abilities of a given age group.

Elderly people who were made aware of the stereotype of the elderly as having poor memories scored lower on a memory test than elderly people who were made aware of the stereotype of being wise did.

Which of the following is NOT an ongoing controversy in the field of intelligence research?

A mental set is sometimes likely to block insight in areas in which you are already knowledgeable and well trained.

People who are depressed usually do not accept the possibility that good things can happen to them or that they have control over good things happening to them. When good things do happen to depressed people, they dismiss, discount, or ignore them. This is an example of:

Which statement best characterizes Howard Gardner's view of intelligence?

_____ is formally defined as the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge, including memory and perception.

Which of the following is NOT one of the obstacles to logical thinking that accounts for the persistence of many unwarranted beliefs?

The representativeness heuristic and the availability heuristic are two rule-of-thumb strategies that help us estimate the likelihood of events.