Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Evidence for the importance of the environment in determining IQ scores derives from theimprovement in average IQ scores that occurred in several cultures and countries during the past few generations. This phenomenon is called:

When we use the availability heuristic, we estimate the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily available other instances of the event are in our memory.

A well-designed psychological test has which of the following characteristics?

Describe the differences between algorithms and heuristics, and give an original example of each.

In Howard Gardner's theory, distinct forms of intelligence include:

_____ refers to a measurement of intelligence in which an individual's mental level is expressed in terms of the average abilities of a given age group.

Alfred Binet believed that intelligence was too complex to describe with a single number, and that performance on his tests of mental ability could be affected by many factors, including motivation.

Explain what is meant by autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and neurodiversity, and discuss the results of research presented in the In Focus box, "Neurodiversity: Beyond IQ."

On Wechsler's WAIS intelligence test, the _____ was calculated by comparing an individual's overall score to the scores of others in the same general age group whose average score was statistically fixed at 100.

Which of the following is NOT a basic requirement of good test design?

A characteristic of human language is that we can communicate meaningfully about ideas, objects, and activities that are not physically present. This characteristic is called:

In developing his theory of multiple intelligences, psychologist Howard Gardner randomly selected over 3,000 people who were listed in Who's Who in America and studied the traits and abilities they displayed.

The _____ is the strong tendency to search for information or evidence that confirms a belief, while making little or no effort to search for information that might disprove the belief.

A mental set is defined as the:

Heritability estimates can be applied to differences within groups but not to differences between groups, because each group experiences different environmental factors.

A worldwide survey of intelligence test scores showed significant gains in average IQ scores in 14 nations in just one generation. These results provide support for environmental influences on IQ scores because the amount of time involved is far too short for genetically influenced changes to have occurred.

Approximately what percentage of people will have IQ scores between 85 and 115?

To David Wechsler, intelligence is reflected in:

According to the In Focus box, "Does a High IQ Score Predict Success in Life?" which of the following statements about the relationship between IQ and success is FALSE?

Kip is a professional auto mechanic whose hobby is restoring old cars. He picked up a classic Thunderbird convertible at an auction, but after spending several weekends tinkering with the engine, he still couldn't figure out what was wrong with it. As he was waking up one morning, he suddenly realized what the problem was. Kip's sudden realization of the problem's solution is an example of: