Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Lewis Terman studied 1,500 California children between the ages of 8 and 12 who had IQs above 140. What were the findings of Terman's research?

The term _____ refers to the rules for combining words in a particular language.

Nikki wandered into a produce store in Chinatown and saw a bin marked LITCHIS that was filled with small round objects with bumpy red shells. As she tried to decide whether "litchis" were fruits or vegetables, she mentally compared them to her memories of other instances of fruits and vegetables, such as cherry tomatoes, raspberries, strawberries, and grapes. In her attempt to classify the litchis, Nikki used:

A decision-making strategy that involves systematically evaluating the important features of each alternative and rating each one using an arbitrary scale is called the:

Kyle is trying to decide which brand of diapers he should buy for his newborn daughter. Each of the brands has its own unique features that make it seem better than the others. One brand has extra padding to retain more fluid. Another has special elastic bands around the legs to prevent leakage. Still others have fancy Velcro fasteners. Finally, confused over all of the features, Kyle buys the brand that he recognizes from commercials. What decision-making strategy does Kyle use?

Theodore Simon was a French psychiatrist who, along with French psychologist Alfred Binet, developed the first widely used intelligence test.

The three basic requirements of a scientifically acceptable achievement, aptitude, or intelligence test are standardization, reliability, and validity.

Animal cognition, an active area of psychological research:

How we use our cognitive abilities and accumulated knowledge to think, solve problems, and use language are all key dimensions of:

Dr. Foster has been a clinical psychologist for 15 years and has worked with hundreds of patients. One day, a patient comes to Dr. Foster's office and begins to describe his concerns and problems. Dr. Foster listens to what the patient says and observes the patient's posture, movements, and facial expressions. Based upon this information, Dr. Foster begins to get a sense of what the pattern of symptoms probably means. In which stage of Bowers's model of intuition is Dr. Foster operating?

How can mental sets and functional fixedness interfere with finding the solution to problems?

The representativeness heuristic can produce faulty estimates if:

The representativeness heuristic occurs when a rare event makes a vivid impression on people, and they overestimate the likelihood of it occurring again.

Describe and explain the potential ways that environmental factors might influence IQ scores. Where possible, cite specific research studies that have provided evidence for such influence.

The Focus on Neuroscience box, "Seeing Faces and Places in the Mind's Eye," reports on an fMRI study of mental imagery. In comparing perception and imagery, the researchers found that:

Which intelligence theorist believed that intelligence test scores were useful primarily to identify children who needed special help?

Research on bilingualism has shown that people who have balanced fluency in two or more languages are better:

State lottery commissions capitalize on the _____ by running many TV commercials showing that lucky person who won the $100 million Powerball. A vivid memory is created, which leads viewers to an inaccurate estimate of the likelihood that the event will happen to them.

The Focus on Neuroscience box, "Seeing Faces and Places in the Mind's Eye," reports on an fMRI study of mental imagery. One of the findings of the study was that:

In Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, analytic intelligence involves the ability to adapt to the environment and reflects street smarts.