Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Dr. Macmillan has designed a test to measure mathematical ability in college graduates. In order to establish a norm against which individual scores may be interpreted and compared, she is presently administering the test to a large representative sample of college graduates. Dr. Macmillan is in the process of:

Reliability refers to the ability of a test to produce consistent results when administered on repeated occasions under similar conditions.

Psychologist Margaret Shih and her colleagues conducted a study in which mathematically gifted Asian American female college students were randomly assigned to three groups. Group 1 filled out a questionnaire about their Asian background, designed to remind them of their Asian identity. Group 2 filled out a questionnaire designed to remind them of their female identity. Group 3 was the control group and filled out a neutral questionnaire. What were the results of this study?

Unlike the Stanford-Binet, the WAIS:

State lottery commissions capitalize on the availability heuristic by running many TV commercials showing that lucky person who won the $100 million Powerball. A vivid memory is created, which leads viewers to an inaccurate estimate of the likelihood that the event will happen to them.

Bilingualism is defined as being fluent in two or more languages.

Gifted Asian American female students who were reminded of their identity as Asians scored higher on a difficult math test than a matched group of female Asian American students who took the same test but were reminded of their gender identity did. This result provides evidence for the effects of stereotype threat.

In problem solving, an algorithm is defined as:

In which stage of the two-stage model of intuition does a person perceive a pattern in the information that is being contemplated, but not consciously?

By being flexible and imaginative, people seeking creative solutions generate many different responses. This approach is called divergent thinking because it involves moving away from the problem and considering it from a variety of perspectives.

According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, there are _____ distinct types of intelligence.

The intelligence of fraternal twins raised in the same home is more similar than the intelligence of nontwin siblings raised in the same home. This finding provides evidence for the effects of environment on intelligence because fraternal twins and other siblings have the same degree of genetic relatedness.

When a test was described as measuring "problem-solving skills," African American students did just as well as white students. But when told that the same test measured "intellectual ability," African American students scored lower than white students. This is an example of stereotype lift.

Cindi and Beth are participants in a research study that involves taking a difficult math test. Cindi is told that scores on the math test usually reflect gender differences, while Beth is told that scores on the math test usually do not reflect gender differences. Cindi and Beth's math scores will be compared to the scores of male students taking the same test. Based on Claude Steele's research, what would you predict about Cindi and Beth's scores on the math test?

Charles Spearman believed that a factor he called "general intelligence," or the g factor, was responsible for people's overall performance on tests of mental ability.

According to the linguistic relativity hypothesis, differences among languages cause differences in the thoughts of their speakers.

A concept that is formed as a result of everyday experience, rather than by learning strict rules or features, is called a(n) _____ concept.

In a driving simulator, women who were reminded of the stereotype that females are bad drivers were more than twice as likely to run over pedestrians as women who were not reminded of the stereotype. This example illustrates:

The availability heuristic is very likely to block insight in areas in which you are already knowledgeable or well trained.

Use the example of the Buraku people of Japan to describe and explain the relationship between social discrimination and IQ scores.