Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Amy is applying for a job at a large multinational corporation. As part of the job application process, she is given a test to see if she is suited to work in sales. This is an example of _____ testing.

Students were amazed when Professor Diaz walked into class on the first day of the semester and correctly "sensed" that two people in his class of 23 were born on the same day. The tendency to think that it is very unlikely that two people in a class of 23 could share the same birthday is an example of the:

A new friend asks you to describe the house you grew up in. You pause and think for a moment. You will need to use_____ to answer her question.

Bilingualism is defined as:

Howard Gardner is a contemporary American psychologist whose theory of intelligence states that there is not one intelligence but multiple intelligences, the importance of each being determined by cultural values.

If a test is _____, it is given to a large representative sample of people under uniform conditions for the purpose of establishing norms.

The more closely an item matches our prototype of a natural concept, the more quickly we can classify it as an example of that concept.

Define stereotype threat, and explain how psychological research has demonstrated its effects on test performance.

Martin decided to write his term paper on the topic of animal language. After reviewing the relevant literature on the topic, Martin is likely to conclude that:

According to the research of Claude Steele and other psychologists, how does stereotype threat tend to impair performance?

Which of the following psychologists developed and promoted the use of the intelligence quotient or IQ as a measure for intelligence?

Rather than focusing on whether nonhuman animals can develop human capabilities such as language, many comparative psychologists study the specific cognitive capabilities that different species have evolved to best adapt to their ecological niche.

The elimination by aspects model is a decision-making strategy in which the choice among many alternatives is simplified by basing the decision on a single feature.

Psychologist _____ strongly believed that all mental abilities were related to a single common factor called the _____ factor.

Kosslyn and his colleagues (1978) found that the amount of time it took subjects to scan a mental image of a map of a fictitious island was not affected by the actual distances on the island that they had to scan.

The Focus on Neuroscience box, "Seeing Faces and Places in the Mind's Eye," reports on an fMRI study of mental imagery. From simply looking at the brain scan images, the researchers were able to determine whether the research participants were:

Which statement best characterizes the process of insight?

Faced with evidence that seems to contradict a hoped-for finding, people may object to a study's methodology. This is an example of the fallacy of positive instances.

Who was David Wechsler, and what was his contribution to the field of intelligence testing?

One way to determine whether an object is an instance of a natural concept is to compare it to a prototype of that natural concept.