Exam 29: Evolutionary Genetics

Proteins that are functionally less important for the survival of an organism generally evolve ________ more important proteins.

Horizontal gene transfer is most common among what group of organisms?

Which concept of speciation uses multiple criteria to determine if a population is part of an independent evolutionary lineage, and thus a species, which is distinct from others?

At the microevolutionary level, natural selection is based on genetic differences that give an individual a selective advantage.

One definition of species is a group of individuals whose members have the potential to interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring.

What form of cladogenesis occurs due to geographic separation dividing a population?

Homologous genes are derived from the same ancestral gene.

Differences in sexual attraction between males and females based on behavior, physiology, or morphology is an example of a ________ isolation mechanism.

One theory of human evolution suggests that Homo erectus evolved directly into Homo sapiens (humans), after which point Homo erectus became extinct. If this is true, humans arose by ________.

What type of cladogenesis can occur through the founder effect?

Researchers who study molecular evolution often analyze DNA sequences using computer programs which identify homologous sequences.

Homologous genes that are found in different species are called

It is currently believed that apple maggot flies are undergoing a divergence into two separate species. Two hundred years ago these maggot flies laid their eggs only on the hawthorn fruit, but after apples were introduced in the Americas, some maggot flies started laying their eggs on apples. Today, females generally lay their eggs on the type of fruit they grew up in, and male flies end up mating on the type of fruit they grew up in. Therefore hawthorn flies mate with hawthorn flies and apple flies mate with apple flies. If genetic changes between the hawthorn maggot flies and the apple maggot flies continue until the flies are different species, this would be an example of

Molecular clocks are based on ________ mutations.

What is the most common form of cladogenesis?

Human alpha hemoglobin and horse alpha hemoglobin are orthologs

In which form of cladogenesis do hybrid zones exist?

In the frog genus, when certain species attempts to mate with other species, embryo development is halted at various stages including zygotic segmentation, blastula formation, gastrulation, or in the final phases of embryo development. The stage where the developing frog arrests depends on the species involved in the cross. This is an example of

You are studying a new strain of bacteria. You discover that its genome contains some genes that are not found in any form in its most recent ancestor. You suspect

What type of cladogenesis occurs when a new species arises in the same habitat as the species from which it was derived?