Question 1

cDNA uses chromosomal DNA as its template.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

What is the term for two genes from two different species that are similar in sequence and serve the same function in each species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Related genes 
B)  Paralogs 
C)  Gene family 
D)  Orthologs 
A)  Related genes 
B)  Paralogs 
C)  Gene family 
D)  Orthologs D

Question 3

Gene knockouts in mice can be useful because

Accepted Answer

A)  they can be used to develop models of human disease. 
B)  they identify DNA binding proteins 
C)  they limit mRNA production both from the knockout as well as the normal allele in diploids. 
D)  only genes that are actively transcribed in the embryo are susceptible to being knocked out. 
A)  they can be used to develop models of human disease. 
B)  they identify DNA binding proteins 
C)  they limit mRNA production both from the knockout as well as the normal allele in diploids. 
D)  only genes that are actively transcribed in the embryo are susceptible to being knocked out. A

Question 4

A population of cells is treated with a polypeptide hormone that induces mitosis and the hormone's cell surface receptor is isolated after 15 minutes and subjected to fragmentation and mass spectrometry. Several of the peaks show a slight shift as compared to the same protein from cells not treated with the hormone. What is the most likely explanation of this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphorylation of some amino acid residues. 
B)  mRNA editing resulting in a slightly different amino acid sequence. 
C)  Alternative exon usage. 
D)  Proteolytic processing. 
A)  Phosphorylation of some amino acid residues. 
B)  mRNA editing resulting in a slightly different amino acid sequence. 
C)  Alternative exon usage. 
D)  Proteolytic processing.

Question 5

The purpose of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis experiment is that it allows proteins to separated by

Accepted Answer

A)  by charge only 
B)  primarily by molecular mass 
C)  by size only 
D)  net charge 
A)  by charge only 
B)  primarily by molecular mass 
C)  by size only 
D)  net charge

Question 6

________ can be used to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein or peptide.

Accepted Answer

A)  X-ray crystallography 
B)  Nuclear magnetic resonance 
C)  Mass spectrometry 
D)  The ChIP assay 
A)  X-ray crystallography 
B)  Nuclear magnetic resonance 
C)  Mass spectrometry 
D)  The ChIP assay

Question 7

What technique is used to separate cellular proteins for analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Western blots 
B)  Antibody microarrays 
C)  Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 
D)  Functional protein microarrays 
A)  Western blots 
B)  Antibody microarrays 
C)  Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 
D)  Functional protein microarrays

Question 8

Why is the proteome larger than the genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins may be modified by covalent addition of a variety of molecules 
B)  Not all genes are expressed in all cells at the same time 
C)  Many coding genes are transcribe into mRNA which can be alternatively spliced, and those transcripts produce different proteins so the ratio of the number of protein molecules the number of genes is greater than 1. 
D)  The total amount of protein in a cell as measured by mass is always greater than the total amount of DNA. 
A)  Proteins may be modified by covalent addition of a variety of molecules 
B)  Not all genes are expressed in all cells at the same time 
C)  Many coding genes are transcribe into mRNA which can be alternatively spliced, and those transcripts produce different proteins so the ratio of the number of protein molecules the number of genes is greater than 1. 
D)  The total amount of protein in a cell as measured by mass is always greater than the total amount of DNA.

Question 9

________ make it possible for researchers to study how an entire genome responds to an environmental stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bioinformatics 
B)  PCR reactions 
C)  DNA microarrays 
D)  The BLAST program 
A)  Bioinformatics 
B)  PCR reactions 
C)  DNA microarrays 
D)  The BLAST program

Question 10

What does detection of a fluorescent signal from one of the spots of a DNA microarray indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The probe hybridized to the sequences present in that spot 
B)  The probe did not hybridize to that particular gene 
C)  The experiment was not conducted correctly 
D)  That the probe was non-specifically trapped by the material present in the spot. 
A)  The probe hybridized to the sequences present in that spot 
B)  The probe did not hybridize to that particular gene 
C)  The experiment was not conducted correctly 
D)  That the probe was non-specifically trapped by the material present in the spot.

Question 11

In two dimensional gel electrophoresis, proteins are first treated with SDS, separated according to molecular mass, and then separated by their net charge at a specific pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What field of study of genetics applies statistics and mathematical tools to genetic sequences in order to better understand the genetic information?

Accepted Answer

A)  Structural genomics 
B)  Functional genomics 
C)  Proteomics 
D)  Bioinformatics 
A)  Structural genomics 
B)  Functional genomics 
C)  Proteomics 
D)  Bioinformatics

Question 13

A database is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  A large collection of files stored in one place. 
B)  A small collection of files that are stored in different places 
C)  Files that are only used by the BLAST program 
D)  A large collection of files that are not annotated. 
A)  A large collection of files stored in one place. 
B)  A small collection of files that are stored in different places 
C)  Files that are only used by the BLAST program 
D)  A large collection of files that are not annotated.

Question 14

The program BLAST would be best used for what purpose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Determining what restriction sites are present in a fragment of DNA 
B)  Identifying a promoter sequence 
C)  Identifying splice donor and acceptor sites 
D)  Identify related sequences to a given DNA sequence in the Genbank database 
A)  Determining what restriction sites are present in a fragment of DNA 
B)  Identifying a promoter sequence 
C)  Identifying splice donor and acceptor sites 
D)  Identify related sequences to a given DNA sequence in the Genbank database

Question 15

DNA microarrays may be paired with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to

Accepted Answer

A)  assay the use of substrates by different enzymes. 
B)  determine mRNA folding patterns 
C)  identify DNA sequences bound by specific proteins. 
D)  identify protein-protein interactions. 
A)  assay the use of substrates by different enzymes. 
B)  determine mRNA folding patterns 
C)  identify DNA sequences bound by specific proteins. 
D)  identify protein-protein interactions.

Question 16

The genes of a gene family that consist of two or more homologous genes are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Orthologs 
B)  Paralogs 
C)  Polylogs 
D)  Homologs 
A)  Orthologs 
B)  Paralogs 
C)  Polylogs 
D)  Homologs

Question 17

What is a reason that the proteome is larger than the genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alternative splicing 
B)  Proteins are constantly being synthesized and degraded. 
C)  Each protein has a specific function which are quite varied while the genes in the genome are only transcribed 
D)  Each protein has multiple functional domains while each gene consists of three basic parts. 
A)  Alternative splicing 
B)  Proteins are constantly being synthesized and degraded. 
C)  Each protein has a specific function which are quite varied while the genes in the genome are only transcribed 
D)  Each protein has multiple functional domains while each gene consists of three basic parts.

Question 18

What type of computer based search methodology would most likely be used to identify a potential promoter for a gene in a nucleotide sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Search-by-signal 
B)  Search-by-content 
C)  Search-by-identity 
D)  Search-by-recognition 
A)  Search-by-signal 
B)  Search-by-content 
C)  Search-by-identity 
D)  Search-by-recognition

Question 19

Two genes that share a common ancestral gene will probably have significant homology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What can gene chips be used for?

Accepted Answer

A)  To examine patterns of protein expression under various environmental conditions 
B)  To establish levels of genetic variation 
C)  To determine the mass of a gene 
D)  To identify the amount of a specific transcription factor in a cell. 
A)  To examine patterns of protein expression under various environmental conditions 
B)  To establish levels of genetic variation 
C)  To determine the mass of a gene 
D)  To identify the amount of a specific transcription factor in a cell.

Exam 24: Genomics Ii: Functional Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics

cDNA uses chromosomal DNA as its template.

What is the term for two genes from two different species that are similar in sequence and serve the same function in each species?

Gene knockouts in mice can be useful because

The purpose of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis experiment is that it allows proteins to separated by

________ can be used to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein or peptide.

What technique is used to separate cellular proteins for analysis?

Why is the proteome larger than the genome?

________ make it possible for researchers to study how an entire genome responds to an environmental stimulus.

What does detection of a fluorescent signal from one of the spots of a DNA microarray indicate?

In two dimensional gel electrophoresis, proteins are first treated with SDS, separated according to molecular mass, and then separated by their net charge at a specific pH.

What field of study of genetics applies statistics and mathematical tools to genetic sequences in order to better understand the genetic information?

A database is defined as

The program BLAST would be best used for what purpose?

DNA microarrays may be paired with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to

The genes of a gene family that consist of two or more homologous genes are called ________.

What is a reason that the proteome is larger than the genome?

What type of computer based search methodology would most likely be used to identify a potential promoter for a gene in a nucleotide sequence?

Two genes that share a common ancestral gene will probably have significant homology.

What can gene chips be used for?

Overview of Genetics

Mendelian Inheritance

Chromosome Transmission During Cell Division and Sexual Reproduction

Extensions of Mendelian Inheritance

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Transfer and Mapping in Bacteria

Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number

Molecular Structure of Dna and Rna

Chromosome Organization and Molecular Structure

Dna Replication

Gene Transcription and Rna Modification

Translation of Mrna

Gene Regulation in Bacteria

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes I: Transcriptional and Translation Regulation

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes Ii: Epigenetics

Non-Coding Rnas

Genetics of Viruses

Gene Mutation and Dna Repair

Recombination, Immunogenetics, and Transposition

Molecular Technologies

Biotechnology

Genomics I: Analysis of Dna

Medical Genetics and Cancer

Developmental Genetics

Population Genetics

Complex and Quantitative Traits

Evolutionary Genetics

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