Exam 18: Genetics of Viruses

Many scientists and drug companies have worked hard to produce drugs to stop various stages of the HIV life cycle. Some drugs have been tested that inhibit the function of Vpu. What stage of the HIV life cycle would such a drug inhibit?

Gierer and Schramm isolated ________ from tobacco mosaic virus and applied it to plant tissue, which caused the same types of lesions that occurred when plants were exposed to intact tobacco mosaic virus.

A ________ frequently integrates into the host genome, forming prophages and utilizing a lysogenic cycle to manufacture new phages.

What structure on bacteriophage λ plays an analogous role to the spike glycoproteins in HIV?

Both Phage Lambda and HIV use reverse transcriptase

A ________ uses the lytic cycle to begin the immediate manufacture of new phages in the host cells.

The virus that causes chickenpox can also cause ________ decades later when it switches from the latent state and starts making new viral particles.

Azidothymidine (AZT) is mentioned in your book as an HIV drug. AZT is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. That means AZT is only effective during the ________ stage of the viral life cycle.

What is the correct order of the reproductive cycle of viruses?

The ________ is an enveloped virus with spikes.

Tetherin is a protein encoded in the human genome. Based on what you know about the interaction between Vpu and tetherin, what do you predict the broad cellular function of tetherin is?

You are working in a lab that studies tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). You wish to perform follow up experiments to the Fraenkel-Conrat/Singer experiments. You use the Holmes ribgrass (HR) strain of TMV that they used, which produces streaks along the veins and contains histidine and methionine in the TMV capsid protein. You also use a second TMV strain that you've isolated, called Purp, that causes purple lesions on the leaves, and lacks histidine and methionine in the TMV capsid protein. If you use Purp RNA and HR proteins to create reconstituted viruses, what lesions do you expect will form, and what will the amino acid composition of the capsid protein be?

Most biologists consider viruses to be living organisms, which are classified with bacteria.

The Gag polyprotein is cleaved into

A bacteriophage that is physically integrated into the host chromosome is called a ________.

Select the viruses that can infect humans. Check all that apply.

If you created a strain of bacteria that overexpressed protease inhibitors, and then infected this bacteria with phage λ, would you expect the phage to follow the lytic or lysogenic cycle?

Since both Phage Lambda and HIV can integrate into a chromosome of the host cell, their viral genomes encode integrase

When phage λ enters the lytic cycle

What piece of the RNA HIV genome is used as a primer during the synthesis of double-stranded DNA from HIV RNA?