Exam 13: Translation of Mrna

α-helices and β-sheets are examples of what level of protein structure?

What site does the initiator tRNA bind to on the ribosome?

Kozak's rules for translation are similar to those for transcription in prokaryotes in that they both contain consensus sequences. In prokaryotes, the promoter consensus sequences are at -35 and -10. Where is the consensus sequence for translational initiation according to Kozak's rules?

RF1 and RF2 are active during ________.

Select the statements that are true regarding the experiments by Beadle and Tatum (check all that apply).

Consider the following mRNA from a eukaryotic species. Which AUG codon is translation most likely to begin from? 5'-CCUAUGAGCCACCAUGGAUGCCAAAUGCA-3'

The C-terminus of a polypeptide always contains

You perform a cell free translation experiment like Nirenberg and Matthaei, but you forget to write down what nucleotides you added to make the mRNA. You precipitate the translated polypeptides and measure the relative amount of radiolabeled amino acids incorporated into them. You get 25% proline, 25% threonine, 12.5% glutamine, 12.5% lysine, 12.5% asparagine, and 12.5% histidine. What nucleotides and in what % did you add to make the mRNA?

What is true according to the adaptor hypothesis?

Where does mRNA/tRNA codon-anticodon recognition take place?

An anticodon is located on ________.

What is the name of the enzyme that adds CCA to the 3' end of tRNAs?

What typically stops the process of translation?

Transcription and translation may occur simultaneously in prokaryotic cells.

The decoding function is conducted by

You perform a cell free translation experiment like Nirenberg and Matthaei. You start with 60% C and 40% A. What relative amount of radiolabeled proline do you expect in the translated polypeptides?

You are studying the DNA of a person who you know has two defective copies of the gene that encodes phenylalanine hydroxylase. You are surprised to find that this person also carries two defective copies of the gene for homogentisic acid oxidase. What disease symptoms will this person exhibit? (Assume pathway intermediates are not available from sources outside the phenylalanine breakdown pathway.)

You have cloned a gene for a mammalian mitochondrial protein that is rich in tryptophan. If you translate this protein in the cytoplasm rather than the mitochondria, what result do you expect?

What is the minimal number of tRNAs that can be used to recognize all of the codons for threonine?

Select the amino acid that has been activated by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.