Question 1

A ________ translocation represents when a piece of one chromosome is attached to another chromosome.

Accepted Answer

A)  simple 
B)  complex 
C)  reciprocal 
D)  balanced 
A)  simple 
B)  complex 
C)  reciprocal 
D)  balanced A

Question 2

Hemophilia A is an X-linked blood clotting disorder. A normal man and a woman with hemophilia A have a child with Turner Syndrome. This child does not have hemophilia. In whom did non-disjunction occur? In meiosis I or meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

A)  Woman; meiosis I 
B)  Woman; meiosis II 
C)  Man; meiosis I 
D)  Man; meiosis II 
E)  Woman; there is not enough information to tell if the nondisjunction happened in meiosis I or II. 
A)  Woman; meiosis I 
B)  Woman; meiosis II 
C)  Man; meiosis I 
D)  Man; meiosis II 
E)  Woman; there is not enough information to tell if the nondisjunction happened in meiosis I or II. E

Question 3

In polyploids, the chromosomal number is an integral multiple, whereas in aneuploids the number is plus or minus one or more from the diploid number.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Which human cells exhibit endopolyploidy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sex cells 
B)  Nerve cells 
C)  All somatic cells 
D)  Liver cells 
E)  Red blood cells 
A)  Sex cells 
B)  Nerve cells 
C)  All somatic cells 
D)  Liver cells 
E)  Red blood cells

Question 5

What type of plants are usually seedless?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aneuploid 
B)  Diploid 
C)  Triploid 
D)  Tetraploid 
A)  Aneuploid 
B)  Diploid 
C)  Triploid 
D)  Tetraploid

Question 6

Which chromosomal change rarely has an effect on the phenotype of the individual who carries it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Robertsonian translocation 
B)  Unbalanced translocation 
C)  Balanced translocation 
D)  Chromosome loss 
A)  Robertsonian translocation 
B)  Unbalanced translocation 
C)  Balanced translocation 
D)  Chromosome loss

Question 7

An inversion heterozygote contains

Accepted Answer

A)  two homologous chromosomes with inversions. 
B)  two normal chromosomes. 
C)  one normal chromosome and one chromosome with an inversion. 
D)  None of the answers are correct 
A)  two homologous chromosomes with inversions. 
B)  two normal chromosomes. 
C)  one normal chromosome and one chromosome with an inversion. 
D)  None of the answers are correct

Question 8

In individuals with reciprocal tranlocations, meiosis can produce unbalanced gametes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Inversions are contained within what percent of the human population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Less than 1% 
B)  Approximately 2% 
C)  Approximately 5% 
D)  Greater than 10% 
A)  Less than 1% 
B)  Approximately 2% 
C)  Approximately 5% 
D)  Greater than 10%

Question 10

________ is a drug that is used to experimentally produce polyploidy in organisms.

Accepted Answer

A)  Penicillin 
B)  Colchicine 
C)  Polymosca 
D)  Karyocine 
A)  Penicillin 
B)  Colchicine 
C)  Polymosca 
D)  Karyocine

Question 11

Which of the following is not an example of euploidy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tetraploid 
B)  Polyploid 
C)  Triploid 
D)  Diploid 
E)  Aneuploid 
A)  Tetraploid 
B)  Polyploid 
C)  Triploid 
D)  Diploid 
E)  Aneuploid

Question 12

Given the following sequence of genes on a chromosome, determine what change in chromosome structure occurred. (the * indicates the centromere) before A B C D * E F G H
After A B G F E * D C H

Accepted Answer

A)  Reciprocal translocation 
B)  Pericentric inversion 
C)  Paracentric inversion 
D)  Gene duplication 
E)  None of the answers are correct 
A)  Reciprocal translocation 
B)  Pericentric inversion 
C)  Paracentric inversion 
D)  Gene duplication 
E)  None of the answers are correct

Question 13

Which algebraic expression would be used to denote a trisomic organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  3n 
B)  2n − 1 
C)  2n + 1 
D)  2n + 2 
A)  3n 
B)  2n − 1 
C)  2n + 1 
D)  2n + 2

Question 14

The majority of autosomal aneuploid conditions are lethal, but sex chromosome aneuploids are usually not lethal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The polytene chromosomes of Drosophila are an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  aneuploidy 
B)  polyploidy 
C)  translocations 
D)  inversion loops 
E)  None of the answers are correct 
A)  aneuploidy 
B)  polyploidy 
C)  translocations 
D)  inversion loops 
E)  None of the answers are correct

Question 16

When scientists apply colchicine to plants to induce polyploidy, often tetraploid Is it possible that these tetraploids to be fertile, hence becoming a new species?

Accepted Answer

A)  No, because all autotetraploids are sterile. 
B)  Yes, the tetraploids can produce diploid eggs and pollen. 
A)  No, because all autotetraploids are sterile. 
B)  Yes, the tetraploids can produce diploid eggs and pollen.

Question 17

Genetic abnormalities that occur before fertilization may result in some tissues of the body differing in their genetic composition. This is called mosaicism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which syndrome is not correctly matched to its aneuploid condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Down syndrome-trisomy 21 
B)  Edward syndrome-trisomy 18 
C)  Klinefelter syndrome-XO 
D)  Jacobs syndrome-XYY 
A)  Down syndrome-trisomy 21 
B)  Edward syndrome-trisomy 18 
C)  Klinefelter syndrome-XO 
D)  Jacobs syndrome-XYY

Question 19

Inversion loops can occur in

Accepted Answer

A)  paracentric inversions. 
B)  pericentric inversions. 
C)  gene duplications. 
D)  reciprocal translocations. 
E)  both paracentric inversions and pericentric inversions. 
A)  paracentric inversions. 
B)  pericentric inversions. 
C)  gene duplications. 
D)  reciprocal translocations. 
E)  both paracentric inversions and pericentric inversions.

Question 20

The salivary amylase gene (AMY1) is present in two diploid copies in chimpanzees. Humans are known to have between 6-15 copies, an adaptation that is thought to be related to the high-starch diet of humans. This difference among humans is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  G banding. 
B)  copy number variation. 
C)  a simple translocation. 
D)  a reciprocal translocation. 
A)  G banding. 
B)  copy number variation. 
C)  a simple translocation. 
D)  a reciprocal translocation.

Exam 8: Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number

A ________ translocation represents when a piece of one chromosome is attached to another chromosome.

Hemophilia A is an X-linked blood clotting disorder. A normal man and a woman with hemophilia A have a child with Turner Syndrome. This child does not have hemophilia. In whom did non-disjunction occur? In meiosis I or meiosis II?

In polyploids, the chromosomal number is an integral multiple, whereas in aneuploids the number is plus or minus one or more from the diploid number.

Which human cells exhibit endopolyploidy?

What type of plants are usually seedless?

Which chromosomal change rarely has an effect on the phenotype of the individual who carries it?

An inversion heterozygote contains

In individuals with reciprocal tranlocations, meiosis can produce unbalanced gametes.

Inversions are contained within what percent of the human population?

________ is a drug that is used to experimentally produce polyploidy in organisms.

Which of the following is not an example of euploidy?

Given the following sequence of genes on a chromosome, determine what change in chromosome structure occurred. (the * indicates the centromere) before A B C D * E F G H After A B G F E * D C H

Which algebraic expression would be used to denote a trisomic organism?

The majority of autosomal aneuploid conditions are lethal, but sex chromosome aneuploids are usually not lethal.

The polytene chromosomes of Drosophila are an example of ________.

When scientists apply colchicine to plants to induce polyploidy, often tetraploid Is it possible that these tetraploids to be fertile, hence becoming a new species?

Genetic abnormalities that occur before fertilization may result in some tissues of the body differing in their genetic composition. This is called mosaicism.

Which syndrome is not correctly matched to its aneuploid condition?

Inversion loops can occur in

The salivary amylase gene (AMY1) is present in two diploid copies in chimpanzees. Humans are known to have between 6-15 copies, an adaptation that is thought to be related to the high-starch diet of humans. This difference among humans is an example of

Overview of Genetics

Mendelian Inheritance

Chromosome Transmission During Cell Division and Sexual Reproduction

Extensions of Mendelian Inheritance

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Transfer and Mapping in Bacteria

Molecular Structure of Dna and Rna

Chromosome Organization and Molecular Structure

Dna Replication

Gene Transcription and Rna Modification

Translation of Mrna

Gene Regulation in Bacteria

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes I: Transcriptional and Translation Regulation

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes Ii: Epigenetics

Non-Coding Rnas

Genetics of Viruses

Gene Mutation and Dna Repair

Recombination, Immunogenetics, and Transposition

Molecular Technologies

Biotechnology

Genomics I: Analysis of Dna

Genomics Ii: Functional Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics

Medical Genetics and Cancer

Developmental Genetics

Population Genetics

Complex and Quantitative Traits

Evolutionary Genetics

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