Question 1

Batteries in your flashlight are examples of _____ energy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Batteries in your flashlight are examples of...

Question 2

Nearly all cells use ATP as their primary energy source. This is evidence that:

Accepted Answer

A) life continues to evolve and use novel energy sources. 
B) ATP evolved recently (in the last 100 years)as a potential source of energy. 
C) the use of ATP by cells began eons ago and has been conserved over time. 
D) only eukaryotic cells can produce ATP. 
E) fossil fuels are composed of ATP. 
A) life continues to evolve and use novel energy sources. 
B) ATP evolved recently (in the last 100 years)as a potential source of energy. 
C) the use of ATP by cells began eons ago and has been conserved over time. 
D) only eukaryotic cells can produce ATP. 
E) fossil fuels are composed of ATP.

Question 3

Which of the following reactions is MOST likely to be exergonic?

Accepted Answer

A) the synthesis of a phospholipid from glycerol and fatty acids 
B) the replication of DNA from free nucleotides 
C) the formation of cellulose from individual glucose molecules 
D) the digestion of protein from food into amino acids 
A) the synthesis of a phospholipid from glycerol and fatty acids 
B) the replication of DNA from free nucleotides 
C) the formation of cellulose from individual glucose molecules 
D) the digestion of protein from food into amino acids

Question 4

G = H - TS is the equation that describes Gibbs free energy. Rearranged, the equation can be written as H = G + TS. In either case, G stands for the _____, H stands for the _____, and S stands for the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) usable energy available to the cell; free energy; unusable energy 
B) usable energy available to the cell; total energy; unusable energy 
C) total energy; free energy; usable energy available to the cell 
D) total energy; usable energy available to the cell; unusable energy 
A) usable energy available to the cell; free energy; unusable energy 
B) usable energy available to the cell; total energy; unusable energy 
C) total energy; free energy; usable energy available to the cell 
D) total energy; usable energy available to the cell; unusable energy

Question 5

The energy in a system that is not available to perform work is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The energy in a system that is...

Question 6

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) The energy of the starting materials for a reaction equals the sum of the product energies plus energy released as heat and disorder. 
B) The amount of useable energy resulting from a reaction is always less than the total energy available in the starting materials. 
C) The entropy of the products of a reaction is always greater than the entropy of the starting materials. 
D) The entropy of the starting materials for a reaction is always greater than the entropy of the products. 
A) The energy of the starting materials for a reaction equals the sum of the product energies plus energy released as heat and disorder. 
B) The amount of useable energy resulting from a reaction is always less than the total energy available in the starting materials. 
C) The entropy of the products of a reaction is always greater than the entropy of the starting materials. 
D) The entropy of the starting materials for a reaction is always greater than the entropy of the products.

Question 7

Spontaneous reactions have a _____ F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G.

Accepted Answer

A) positive 
B) negative 
C) zero 
A) positive 
B) negative 
C) zero

Question 8

Suppose that three critical amino acids in the active site of a specific enzyme are arginine, lysine, and histidine. Which of the following characteristics would you predict the substrate to possess in order to bind the active site of this enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A) relatively hydrophobic 
B) hydrophilic, with a negative charge 
C) hydrophilic, with a positive charge 
D) hydrophilic, but without a charge 
A) relatively hydrophobic 
B) hydrophilic, with a negative charge 
C) hydrophilic, with a positive charge 
D) hydrophilic, but without a charge

Question 9

_____ bind to the active site of an enzyme.

Accepted Answer

A) Substrates 
B) Some types of inhibitors 
C) Carbohydrates 
D) Substrates and some types of inhibitors 
A) Substrates 
B) Some types of inhibitors 
C) Carbohydrates 
D) Substrates and some types of inhibitors

Question 10

Which one of the following statements about the formation of a peptide bond is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A) The reaction is endergonic. 
B) The reaction is anabolic. 
C) The reaction is spontaneous. 
D) The reaction has a positive F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) The reaction is endergonic. 
B) The reaction is anabolic. 
C) The reaction is spontaneous. 
D) The reaction has a positive F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 11

Allosteric inhibitors of an enzyme bind:

Accepted Answer

A) to the substrate. 
B) to the active site of the enzyme. 
C) a site on the enzyme that is not the active site. 
D) a site on the substrate that is not the active site. 
E) to cofactors that accelerate the reaction. 
A) to the substrate. 
B) to the active site of the enzyme. 
C) a site on the enzyme that is not the active site. 
D) a site on the substrate that is not the active site. 
E) to cofactors that accelerate the reaction.

Question 12

The highest free energy is found in the _____(s) of a reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) product 
B) substrate 
C) transition state 
A) product 
B) substrate 
C) transition state

Question 13

Which of the following describes ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) exergonic 
B) spontaneous 
C) often coupled to a reaction that has a positive F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G 
A) exergonic 
B) spontaneous 
C) often coupled to a reaction that has a positive F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G

Question 14

Chemical reactions that have a positive F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G are _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chemical reactions that have a positive F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G...

Question 15

A biologist working in a lab adds a compound to a solution that contains an enzyme and its substrate. This compound binds to the enzyme and decreases the rate at which the enzyme converts substrate to product. However, this decrease can be overcome by increasing the concentration of substrate to the reaction mix. Therefore, which of the following is TRUE of the compound?

Accepted Answer

A) The compound is an allosteric activator. 
B) The compound is an allosteric inhibitor. 
C) The compound is an inhibitor that binds to the active site of the enzyme. 
D) The compound is a catalyst for the reaction. 
A) The compound is an allosteric activator. 
B) The compound is an allosteric inhibitor. 
C) The compound is an inhibitor that binds to the active site of the enzyme. 
D) The compound is a catalyst for the reaction.

Question 16

Which one of the following is the MOST common energy "currency" for a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) DNA 
C) glucose 
D) protein 
E) NADH 
A) ATP 
B) DNA 
C) glucose 
D) protein 
E) NADH

Question 17

The assembly of glucose molecules into polysaccharides is a(n) _____ process.

Accepted Answer

A) anabolic 
B) catabolic 
A) anabolic 
B) catabolic

Question 18

What is the function of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A) to increase the rate of a specific reaction 
B) to decrease amount of energy needed to reach the transition state 
C) to alter the equilibrium of a specific reaction 
D) to both increase the rate of a specific reaction and decrease the amount of energy needed to reach the transition state 
A) to increase the rate of a specific reaction 
B) to decrease amount of energy needed to reach the transition state 
C) to alter the equilibrium of a specific reaction 
D) to both increase the rate of a specific reaction and decrease the amount of energy needed to reach the transition state

Question 19

Which one of the following is an example of potential energy?

Accepted Answer

A) a moving muscle 
B) light 
C) heat 
D) an electrochemical gradient 
E) wind 
A) a moving muscle 
B) light 
C) heat 
D) an electrochemical gradient 
E) wind

Question 20

Each of the following is known to aid in the functioning of cellular enzymes EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) copper. 
B) mercury. 
C) iron. 
D) zinc. 
E) magnesium. 
A) copper. 
B) mercury. 
C) iron. 
D) zinc. 
E) magnesium.

Exam 6: Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Batteries in your flashlight are examples of _____ energy.

Nearly all cells use ATP as their primary energy source. This is evidence that:

Which of the following reactions is MOST likely to be exergonic?

G = H - TS is the equation that describes Gibbs free energy. Rearranged, the equation can be written as H = G + TS. In either case, G stands for the _____, H stands for the _____, and S stands for the _____.

The energy in a system that is not available to perform work is referred to as _____.

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Spontaneous reactions have a _____ G.

Suppose that three critical amino acids in the active site of a specific enzyme are arginine, lysine, and histidine. Which of the following characteristics would you predict the substrate to possess in order to bind the active site of this enzyme?

_____ bind to the active site of an enzyme.

Which one of the following statements about the formation of a peptide bond is INCORRECT?

Allosteric inhibitors of an enzyme bind:

The highest free energy is found in the _____(s) of a reaction.

Which of the following describes ATP hydrolysis?

Chemical reactions that have a positive G are _____.

Which one of the following is the MOST common energy "currency" for a cell?

The assembly of glucose molecules into polysaccharides is a(n) _____ process.

What is the function of an enzyme?

Which one of the following is an example of potential energy?

Each of the following is known to aid in the functioning of cellular enzymes EXCEPT:

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

G = H - TS is the equation that describes Gibbs free energy. Rearranged, the equation can be written as H = G + TS. In either case, G stands for the ___, H stands for the _, and S stands for the ___.