Question 1

Based on what you know of ATP's chemistry, which of the following is MOST likely to have similar functions in energy-management processes?

Accepted Answer

A) lysine (amino acid) 
B) phospholipids 
C) guanine nucleotide 
D) steroids 
E) potassium ions (K+) 
A) lysine (amino acid) 
B) phospholipids 
C) guanine nucleotide 
D) steroids 
E) potassium ions (K+)

Question 2

The entire set of chemical reactions that sustain life is called:

Accepted Answer

A) metabolism. 
B) catabolism. 
C) anabolism. 
D) hydrolysis. 
E) plasmolysis. 
A) metabolism. 
B) catabolism. 
C) anabolism. 
D) hydrolysis. 
E) plasmolysis.

Question 3

You have entered a 5K race. As you finish the last 500 yards, your body has converted _____ energy to _____ energy with the loss of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) chemical potential; kinetic; heat 
B) heat; chemical potential; kinetic energy 
C) heat; kinetic; chemical potential energy 
D) kinetic; chemical potential; heat 
E) chemical potential; heat; kinetic energy 
A) chemical potential; kinetic; heat 
B) heat; chemical potential; kinetic energy 
C) heat; kinetic; chemical potential energy 
D) kinetic; chemical potential; heat 
E) chemical potential; heat; kinetic energy

Question 4

Why does ADP have less potential energy than ATP?

Accepted Answer

A) Because ATP has ribose as a sugar. 
B) Because ADP has only one phosphate group. 
C) Because ADP has only two phosphate groups. 
D) Because ATP has adenine in it. 
A) Because ATP has ribose as a sugar. 
B) Because ADP has only one phosphate group. 
C) Because ADP has only two phosphate groups. 
D) Because ATP has adenine in it.

Question 5

Suppose that, in a given reaction, the enthalpy (H) increases by 10 units, and the disorder (TS) increases by 12 units. By how many units did the Gibbs free energy change?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) -2 
C) 22 
D) -22 
A) 2 
B) -2 
C) 22 
D) -22

Question 6

Metal ions bound to enzymes are called:

Accepted Answer

A) cofactors. 
B) coenzymes. 
C) vitamins. 
D) metalloids. 
E) anions. 
A) cofactors. 
B) coenzymes. 
C) vitamins. 
D) metalloids. 
E) anions.

Question 7

Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form...

Question 8

The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sum of all chemical reactions in...

Question 9

Energy input in the form of ATP is needed in which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A) catabolism 
B) anabolism 
A) catabolism 
B) anabolism

Question 10

Which of the following has the MOST entropy, individual nucleotides or a nucleic acid?

Accepted Answer

A) individual nucleotides 
B) a nucleic acid 
C) The entropy of the nucleotides and nucleic acid would be the same. 
D) It is impossible to determine the entropy of nucleotides or a nucleic acid. 
A) individual nucleotides 
B) a nucleic acid 
C) The entropy of the nucleotides and nucleic acid would be the same. 
D) It is impossible to determine the entropy of nucleotides or a nucleic acid.

Question 11

Weak covalent bonds, such as ones in carbohydrates and lipids, have:

Accepted Answer

A) little potential energy. 
B) a lot of kinetic energy. 
C) little kinetic energy. 
D) a lot of potential energy. 
E) no potential or kinetic energy. 
A) little potential energy. 
B) a lot of kinetic energy. 
C) little kinetic energy. 
D) a lot of potential energy. 
E) no potential or kinetic energy.

Question 12

Which of the following is a CORRECT description of the role of enzymes in catalyzing biochemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

A) Enzymes provide the necessary activation energy to reach the transition state. 
B) Enzymes stabilize the transition state and decrease its free energy. 
C) Enzymes cut hard-to-break bonds, allowing the reaction to proceed. 
D) Enzymes increase the F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G of reactions, making them proceed rapidly. 
E) Enzymes decrease the F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G of reactions, making them proceed rapidly. 
A) Enzymes provide the necessary activation energy to reach the transition state. 
B) Enzymes stabilize the transition state and decrease its free energy. 
C) Enzymes cut hard-to-break bonds, allowing the reaction to proceed. 
D) Enzymes increase the F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G of reactions, making them proceed rapidly. 
E) Enzymes decrease the F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G of reactions, making them proceed rapidly.

Question 13

The amino acids that actively contribute to catalysis in an enzyme do not have to be located adjacent to each other in the primary sequence (the linear sequence of amino acids) of the protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Glycolysis, the breakdown of a glucose molecule to two molecules of pyruvate, is an example of a reaction that is:

Accepted Answer

A) exergonic and catabolic. 
B) exergonic and anabolic. 
C) endergonic and catabolic. 
D) endergonic and anabolic. 
E) explosive. 
A) exergonic and catabolic. 
B) exergonic and anabolic. 
C) endergonic and catabolic. 
D) endergonic and anabolic. 
E) explosive.

Question 15

The first law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of:

Accepted Answer

A) conservation of energy. 
B) conservation of mass. 
C) conservation of entropy. 
D) lost energy. 
E) increased entropy. 
A) conservation of energy. 
B) conservation of mass. 
C) conservation of entropy. 
D) lost energy. 
E) increased entropy.

Question 16

_____ are organisms that derive energy from sunlight.

Accepted Answer

A) Phototrophs 
B) Autotrophs 
C) Heterotrophs 
D) Chemotrophs 
A) Phototrophs 
B) Autotrophs 
C) Heterotrophs 
D) Chemotrophs

Question 17

The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi is a(n) _____ reaction with _____ F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G.

Accepted Answer

A) exergonic; a positive 
B) endergonic; a negative 
C) exergonic; a negative 
D) endergonic; a positive 
E) reversible; zero 
A) exergonic; a positive 
B) endergonic; a negative 
C) exergonic; a negative 
D) endergonic; a positive 
E) reversible; zero

Question 18

The second law of thermodynamics states that:

Accepted Answer

A) combustion engines are 100% efficient. 
B) energy cannot be created or destroyed. 
C) only eukaryotic cells can produce ATP. 
D) there is an increase in disorder in the universe over time. 
E) the universe becomes more orderly over time. 
A) combustion engines are 100% efficient. 
B) energy cannot be created or destroyed. 
C) only eukaryotic cells can produce ATP. 
D) there is an increase in disorder in the universe over time. 
E) the universe becomes more orderly over time.

Question 19

The potential energy in a molecule of ATP that is harnessed to do the work of the cell is held in part in the:

Accepted Answer

A) carbon-carbon bonds of the sugar. 
B) repulsion of the phosphate groups from each other. 
C) the carbon-nitrogen bonds of the base. 
D) the carbon-oxygen bonds of the sugar. 
E) repulsion of the sugar and the base. 
A) carbon-carbon bonds of the sugar. 
B) repulsion of the phosphate groups from each other. 
C) the carbon-nitrogen bonds of the base. 
D) the carbon-oxygen bonds of the sugar. 
E) repulsion of the sugar and the base.

Question 20

Which of the following statements describe(s) the characteristics of an enzyme active site that result in highly specific substrate selectivity and highly specific catalytic ability?

Accepted Answer

A) The active site is a highly specific three-dimensional cleft or pocket formed from different parts of the primary amino acid sequence. 
B) The active site takes up only a small part of the total enzyme. 
C) Amino acid side chains at the active site combine to create a microenvironment where the arrangement of atoms is uniquely matched to characteristics of only a single substrate species. 
D) Mostly weak interactions-H-bonding, van der Waals interactions, and hydrophobic interactions-function to bind the substrate to the active site. 
E) Some amino acids at the active site actively participate in making and breaking of bonds by lowering the activation energy of the overall reaction. 
A) The active site is a highly specific three-dimensional cleft or pocket formed from different parts of the primary amino acid sequence. 
B) The active site takes up only a small part of the total enzyme. 
C) Amino acid side chains at the active site combine to create a microenvironment where the arrangement of atoms is uniquely matched to characteristics of only a single substrate species. 
D) Mostly weak interactions-H-bonding, van der Waals interactions, and hydrophobic interactions-function to bind the substrate to the active site. 
E) Some amino acids at the active site actively participate in making and breaking of bonds by lowering the activation energy of the overall reaction.

Exam 6: Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Based on what you know of ATP's chemistry, which of the following is MOST likely to have similar functions in energy-management processes?

The entire set of chemical reactions that sustain life is called:

You have entered a 5K race. As you finish the last 500 yards, your body has converted _____ energy to _____ energy with the loss of _____.

Why does ADP have less potential energy than ATP?

Suppose that, in a given reaction, the enthalpy (H) increases by 10 units, and the disorder (TS) increases by 12 units. By how many units did the Gibbs free energy change?

Metal ions bound to enzymes are called:

Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form _____.

The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell is referred to as _____.

Energy input in the form of ATP is needed in which of the following processes?

Which of the following has the MOST entropy, individual nucleotides or a nucleic acid?

Weak covalent bonds, such as ones in carbohydrates and lipids, have:

Which of the following is a CORRECT description of the role of enzymes in catalyzing biochemical reactions?

The amino acids that actively contribute to catalysis in an enzyme do not have to be located adjacent to each other in the primary sequence (the linear sequence of amino acids) of the protein.

Glycolysis, the breakdown of a glucose molecule to two molecules of pyruvate, is an example of a reaction that is:

The first law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of:

_____ are organisms that derive energy from sunlight.

The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi is a(n) _____ reaction with _____ G.

The second law of thermodynamics states that:

The potential energy in a molecule of ATP that is harnessed to do the work of the cell is held in part in the:

Which of the following statements describe(s) the characteristics of an enzyme active site that result in highly specific substrate selectivity and highly specific catalytic ability?

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

You have entered a 5K race. As you finish the last 500 yards, your body has converted ___ energy to _ energy with the loss of ___.

The synthesis of ATP from ADP and P_i is a(n) _ reaction with _ G.