Question 1

Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following types of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) firmicutes 
B) bacteroidetes 
C) cyanobacteria 
D) 
E)  coli 
E) Streptococcus 
A) firmicutes 
B) bacteroidetes 
C) cyanobacteria 
D) 
E)  coli 
E) Streptococcus

Question 2

Through the process of _____, some bacteria derive energy by combining NH4+ and NO2- (recall the equation NH4+ + NO2- F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 N2 + 2H2O).

Accepted Answer

Question 3

If photosynthesis were mapped on a prokaryotic phylogenetic tree, all photosynthetic groups would have a single common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Thaumarchaeote archaeons gain energy by oxidizing which of the following molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) SO4 
B) H2O 
C) NH3 
D) C6H12O6 
E) H2S 
A) SO4 
B) H2O 
C) NH3 
D) C6H12O6 
E) H2S

Question 5

The reasoning behind the use of fecal transplants from healthy individuals is that:

Accepted Answer

A) the competition from the introduction of other bacteria into the gastrointestinal tract keeps C. difficile numbers down. 
B) the fecal matter from healthy patients does not have C. difficile. 
C) 
C)  difficile feeds on other bacteria that are introduced with the fecal transplant. 
D) antibiotics are administered with the fecal transplant, thus controlling populations of C. difficile. 
A) the competition from the introduction of other bacteria into the gastrointestinal tract keeps C. difficile numbers down. 
B) the fecal matter from healthy patients does not have C. difficile. 
C) 
C)  difficile feeds on other bacteria that are introduced with the fecal transplant. 
D) antibiotics are administered with the fecal transplant, thus controlling populations of C. difficile.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A) It can be used as an alternative to photosynthesis. 
B) It requires oxygen. 
C) It results in the partial oxidation of C6H12O6. 
D) It releases more energy from C6H12O6 than cellular respiration. 
E) None of the other answer options is true. 
A) It can be used as an alternative to photosynthesis. 
B) It requires oxygen. 
C) It results in the partial oxidation of C6H12O6. 
D) It releases more energy from C6H12O6 than cellular respiration. 
E) None of the other answer options is true.

Question 7

Why would streptomycete bacteria be of particular interest to a pharmaceutical company?

Accepted Answer

A) Streptomycete bacteria produce antibiotic or antifungal compounds. 
B) All streptomycete bacteria are antibiotic-resistant. 
C) Streptomycete bacteria have cell walls made of lignin and not peptidoglycan. 
D) Streptomycete bacteria change color when exposed to antibiotics. 
A) Streptomycete bacteria produce antibiotic or antifungal compounds. 
B) All streptomycete bacteria are antibiotic-resistant. 
C) Streptomycete bacteria have cell walls made of lignin and not peptidoglycan. 
D) Streptomycete bacteria change color when exposed to antibiotics.

Question 8

Because the morphological and physiological characteristics shared by groups of bacteria are encoded by genes other than the 16S rRNA gene, comparing the traditional groupings to molecular phylogenies generated from rRNA datasets will never produce corresponding results.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A researcher is studying a specific strain of bacteria. In one of her cultures, she notices that the bacteria are antibiotic-resistant. As there are no genes in the chromosome that could confer antibiotic-resistance in these bacteria, the researcher assumes this is the result of a spontaneous mutation. What is another possible explanation?

Accepted Answer

A) A gene conferring antibiotic resistance is present on ribosomes. 
B) A gene conferring antibiotic resistance is present on peptidoglycans. 
C) A gene conferring antibiotic resistance is present on plasmids. 
D) A gene conferring antibiotic resistance is present on mitochondria. 
A) A gene conferring antibiotic resistance is present on ribosomes. 
B) A gene conferring antibiotic resistance is present on peptidoglycans. 
C) A gene conferring antibiotic resistance is present on plasmids. 
D) A gene conferring antibiotic resistance is present on mitochondria.

Question 10

N2 is an end product of _____; NH3 is an end product of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) anammox; nitrogen fixation 
B) nitrogen fixation; anammox 
C) denitrification; anammox and nitrogen fixation 
D) anammox and denitrification; nitrogen fixation 
A) anammox; nitrogen fixation 
B) nitrogen fixation; anammox 
C) denitrification; anammox and nitrogen fixation 
D) anammox and denitrification; nitrogen fixation

Question 11

Individuals with plant-heavy diets have gastrointestinal tracts that are only populated by Bacteriodetes; Firmicutes are never found in the intestines of these individuals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Many biologists believe that the bacterial phylogenetic "tree" would be better represented as a "bush" with intertwined branches, given the prevalence of horizontal gene transfer between bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

There are bacteria that live on single-celled eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following result from symbiotic relationships between bacteria and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) bioluminescence in the bobtail squid 
B) amino acid synthesis in aphids 
C) cellulose breakdown in the human gut 
D) vitamin production in the human gut 
A) bioluminescence in the bobtail squid 
B) amino acid synthesis in aphids 
C) cellulose breakdown in the human gut 
D) vitamin production in the human gut

Question 15

The Department of Energy is very interested in investigating which organisms compose the gut microbiome of cows, especially in the rumen. Why would the microbes within a cow's rumen be studied by scientists in the Department of Energy?

Accepted Answer

A) Scientists want to derive biofuels from cellulose. 
B) Scientists want to derive biofuels from methane. 
C) Scientists want to derive biofuels from the lactose in cow's milk. 
A) Scientists want to derive biofuels from cellulose. 
B) Scientists want to derive biofuels from methane. 
C) Scientists want to derive biofuels from the lactose in cow's milk.

Question 16

_____ is contained in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria and plays a similar role as chlorophyll in cyanobacteria.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is contained in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria...

Question 17

There are more bacteria in/on humans than there are cells within the human organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Given his occupation, a nurse practitioner must constantly wash his hands with antibacterial soap between patients. After awhile, he begins to notice itchy, flaky patches of skin on his hands. He determines that this is the result of an overgrowth of yeast on his skin. This skin condition is likely the result of:

Accepted Answer

A) an allergic reaction to the antibacterial soap, which weakened the nurse's immune system. 
B) a (bacterial)Staphylococcus infection that provided optimal conditions for yeast growth on the man's skin. 
C) a decrease in the amount of "good" bacteria that would otherwise out-compete yeast on the man's skin. 
D) the antibacterial soap killing normal yeast on the man's skin, allowing for pathogenic yeast to colonize his skin. 
A) an allergic reaction to the antibacterial soap, which weakened the nurse's immune system. 
B) a (bacterial)Staphylococcus infection that provided optimal conditions for yeast growth on the man's skin. 
C) a decrease in the amount of "good" bacteria that would otherwise out-compete yeast on the man's skin. 
D) the antibacterial soap killing normal yeast on the man's skin, allowing for pathogenic yeast to colonize his skin.

Question 19

Methanogens are important in the carbon cycle because they help remove methane gas from the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that differentiates Bacteria from Archaea?

Accepted Answer

A) ester linkages in membrane lipids 
B) capable of chemoautotrophy 
C) ability to produce methane metabolically 
D) histones incorporated into chromosomes 
A) ester linkages in membrane lipids 
B) capable of chemoautotrophy 
C) ability to produce methane metabolically 
D) histones incorporated into chromosomes

Exam 26: Bacteria and Archaea

Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following types of bacteria?

Through the process of _____, some bacteria derive energy by combining NH4+ and NO2- (recall the equation NH4+ + NO2-  N2 + 2H2O).

If photosynthesis were mapped on a prokaryotic phylogenetic tree, all photosynthetic groups would have a single common ancestor.

Thaumarchaeote archaeons gain energy by oxidizing which of the following molecules?

The reasoning behind the use of fecal transplants from healthy individuals is that:

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding fermentation?

Why would streptomycete bacteria be of particular interest to a pharmaceutical company?

Because the morphological and physiological characteristics shared by groups of bacteria are encoded by genes other than the 16S rRNA gene, comparing the traditional groupings to molecular phylogenies generated from rRNA datasets will never produce corresponding results.

N2 is an end product of _____; NH3 is an end product of _____.

Individuals with plant-heavy diets have gastrointestinal tracts that are only populated by Bacteriodetes; Firmicutes are never found in the intestines of these individuals.

Many biologists believe that the bacterial phylogenetic "tree" would be better represented as a "bush" with intertwined branches, given the prevalence of horizontal gene transfer between bacteria.

There are bacteria that live on single-celled eukaryotes.

Which of the following result from symbiotic relationships between bacteria and eukaryotes?

The Department of Energy is very interested in investigating which organisms compose the gut microbiome of cows, especially in the rumen. Why would the microbes within a cow's rumen be studied by scientists in the Department of Energy?

_____ is contained in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria and plays a similar role as chlorophyll in cyanobacteria.

There are more bacteria in/on humans than there are cells within the human organism.

Methanogens are important in the carbon cycle because they help remove methane gas from the atmosphere.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that differentiates Bacteria from Archaea?

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

Through the process of _____, some bacteria derive energy by combining NH₄⁺ and NO₂^- (recall the equation NH₄⁺ + NO₂^-  N₂ + 2H₂O).

N₂ is an end product of _; NH₃ is an end product of _.