Question 1

Dynamic instability of microtubules:

Accepted Answer

A) is caused by the large size of this type of cytoskeletal element. 
B) results from a deficiency of free tubulin subunits. 
C) allows microtubules to perform their functions. 
D) is shared by no other cytoskeletal elements. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) is caused by the large size of this type of cytoskeletal element. 
B) results from a deficiency of free tubulin subunits. 
C) allows microtubules to perform their functions. 
D) is shared by no other cytoskeletal elements. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 2

Suppose there is a mutation in a laminin-binding integrin gene that causes a loss of function in the cytoplasmic domains of the integrin. Which of the following would you expect to observe as a result of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

A) The integrin would be unable to signal the cytoplasm when it had bound to laminin. 
B) The integrin would function normally because the cytoplasmic domain is not responsible for binding to laminin. 
C) Tissues would be weakened because the integrin could no longer associate with microfilaments in adherens junctions. 
D) Cell adhesion to laminin would decrease, but laminin-meditated gene expression would remain the same. 
A) The integrin would be unable to signal the cytoplasm when it had bound to laminin. 
B) The integrin would function normally because the cytoplasmic domain is not responsible for binding to laminin. 
C) Tissues would be weakened because the integrin could no longer associate with microfilaments in adherens junctions. 
D) Cell adhesion to laminin would decrease, but laminin-meditated gene expression would remain the same.

Question 3

Which one of the following statements about intracellular transport is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Kinesin and dynein move substances along microtubules. 
B) Kinesin and myosin move substances along microtubules. 
C) Kinesin and dynein move substances along microfilaments. 
D) Kinesin moves substances along microfilaments. 
A) Kinesin and dynein move substances along microtubules. 
B) Kinesin and myosin move substances along microtubules. 
C) Kinesin and dynein move substances along microfilaments. 
D) Kinesin moves substances along microfilaments.

Question 4

Where would you find a cell adhesion molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) in a cilium 
B) in a cell junction 
C) near the centrosome 
D) in the microvilli 
A) in a cilium 
B) in a cell junction 
C) near the centrosome 
D) in the microvilli

Question 5

Could an isolated melanin granule move along an actin microfilament?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, melanin granules have motor proteins. 
B) Yes, motor proteins all use ATP to cause a conformation change. 
C) No, motor proteins are specific for the type of filament they bind. 
D) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) Yes, melanin granules have motor proteins. 
B) Yes, motor proteins all use ATP to cause a conformation change. 
C) No, motor proteins are specific for the type of filament they bind. 
D) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 6

The property of dynamic instability implies that the individual protein subunits of microtubules are held together by:

Accepted Answer

A) covalent bonds. 
B) disulfide bonds. 
C) noncovalent interactions. 
D) All of these choices are correct. 
A) covalent bonds. 
B) disulfide bonds. 
C) noncovalent interactions. 
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 7

Which one of the following statements about intracellular transport is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Kinesin and myosin move substances along microtubules. 
B) Kinesin and dynein move substances along microfilaments. 
C) Myosin and dynein move substances along microfilaments. 
D) Myosin moves substances along microfilaments. 
A) Kinesin and myosin move substances along microtubules. 
B) Kinesin and dynein move substances along microfilaments. 
C) Myosin and dynein move substances along microfilaments. 
D) Myosin moves substances along microfilaments.

Question 8

Metastatic cancer cells:

Accepted Answer

A) are able to leave the tumor where they originated and travel to distant locations to begin new tumors at distant sites. 
B) have lost their adhesion to the extracellular matrix, freeing them from the original tumor. 
C) become malignant when they grow rapidly. 
D) only need to cross a single layer of capillary endothelial cells to form tumors at distant sites. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) are able to leave the tumor where they originated and travel to distant locations to begin new tumors at distant sites. 
B) have lost their adhesion to the extracellular matrix, freeing them from the original tumor. 
C) become malignant when they grow rapidly. 
D) only need to cross a single layer of capillary endothelial cells to form tumors at distant sites. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following cytoskeletal elements contribute to the structural integrity and strength of epithelial tissues in animals?

Accepted Answer

A) intermediate filaments and microfilaments 
B) intermediate filaments and microtubules 
C) microtubules and microfilaments 
A) intermediate filaments and microfilaments 
B) intermediate filaments and microtubules 
C) microtubules and microfilaments

Question 10

Which of the following is a component of the extracellular matrix produced by an animal cell?

Accepted Answer

A) collagen 
B) cadherin 
C) cellulose 
D) All of these choices are correct. 
A) collagen 
B) cadherin 
C) cellulose 
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 11

A decrease in cell adhesion, by the introduction of an experimental substance to a tissue, compromises the structural integrity of the tissue. Which cell junction would MOST likely be affected by this treatment causing a decrease in the strength of the tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) adherens junctions 
B) gap junctions 
C) hemidesmosomes 
D) tight junctions 
A) adherens junctions 
B) gap junctions 
C) hemidesmosomes 
D) tight junctions

Question 12

Which is the correct order of cytoskeletal filaments in DECREASING filament diameter?

Accepted Answer

A) microfilaments F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 microtubules F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 intermediate filaments 
B) microtubules F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 intermediate filaments F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 microfilaments 
C) microtubules F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 microfilaments F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 intermediate filaments 
D) intermediate filaments F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 microfilaments F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 microtubules 
A) microfilaments F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 microtubules F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 intermediate filaments 
B) microtubules F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 intermediate filaments F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 microfilaments 
C) microtubules F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 microfilaments F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 intermediate filaments 
D) intermediate filaments F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 microfilaments F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 microtubules

Question 13

Which one of the following statements about intracellular transport is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Microtubules and microfilaments facilitate cellular movement, but intermediate filaments do not. 
B) Microtubules and intermediate filaments facilitate cellular movement, but microfilaments do not. 
C) Intermediate filaments and microfilaments facilitate cellular movement, but microtubules do not. 
D) Intermediate filaments, microfilaments, and microtubules all facilitate cellular movement of one kind or another. 
A) Microtubules and microfilaments facilitate cellular movement, but intermediate filaments do not. 
B) Microtubules and intermediate filaments facilitate cellular movement, but microfilaments do not. 
C) Intermediate filaments and microfilaments facilitate cellular movement, but microtubules do not. 
D) Intermediate filaments, microfilaments, and microtubules all facilitate cellular movement of one kind or another.

Question 14

Which type of cellular junction(s) allow(s) for the movement of proteins and transfer RNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) desmosomes 
B) plasmodesmata 
C) gap junctions 
D) both plasmodesmata and gap junctions 
A) desmosomes 
B) plasmodesmata 
C) gap junctions 
D) both plasmodesmata and gap junctions

Question 15

Why are the ends of microfilaments and microtubules called "plus ends" and "minus ends"?

Accepted Answer

A) Because monomers are added more quickly to one end (the "plus end")than they are to the other end (the "minus end"). 
B) Because polymerization occurs at one end (the "plus end")and depolymerization occurs at the other end (the "minus end"). 
C) Because monomers can be added to one end only (the "plus end"), and can only be removed from the other end (the "minus end"). 
D) Because the actin and tubulin monomers that make up microfilaments and microtubules have evolved more rapidly than most other proteins. 
A) Because monomers are added more quickly to one end (the "plus end")than they are to the other end (the "minus end"). 
B) Because polymerization occurs at one end (the "plus end")and depolymerization occurs at the other end (the "minus end"). 
C) Because monomers can be added to one end only (the "plus end"), and can only be removed from the other end (the "minus end"). 
D) Because the actin and tubulin monomers that make up microfilaments and microtubules have evolved more rapidly than most other proteins.

Question 16

What would happen in a cell if its a-tubulin was mutated and unable to bind to its b tubulin?

Accepted Answer

A) The cell would have no microfilaments. 
B) The cell would have no microtubules. 
C) The cell would be unaffected. 
D) The cell would have no intermediate filaments. 
A) The cell would have no microfilaments. 
B) The cell would have no microtubules. 
C) The cell would be unaffected. 
D) The cell would have no intermediate filaments.

Question 17

The extracellular matrix is a network of:

Accepted Answer

A) proteins and polysaccharides inside the cell that keep organelles in place. 
B) proteins and polysaccharides outside the cell that play a role in structural support. 
C) proteins found in the cellular membrane that allow for substances to enter the cell. 
D) channel proteins found in the cellular membrane that allow for communication. 
A) proteins and polysaccharides inside the cell that keep organelles in place. 
B) proteins and polysaccharides outside the cell that play a role in structural support. 
C) proteins found in the cellular membrane that allow for substances to enter the cell. 
D) channel proteins found in the cellular membrane that allow for communication.

Question 18

Cell junctions composed of cadherins organized as points of adhesion between adjacent cells and that connect to intermediate filaments are referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cell junctions composed of cadherins organized as...

Question 19

An epithelial tissue is defined as a:

Accepted Answer

A) collection of cells that lines cavities or outside surfaces. 
B) collection of contractile cells. 
C) network of cells that use chemical communication. 
D) few cells embedded into an extensive extracellular matrix. 
A) collection of cells that lines cavities or outside surfaces. 
B) collection of contractile cells. 
C) network of cells that use chemical communication. 
D) few cells embedded into an extensive extracellular matrix.

Question 20

What is the BEST characterization of the minus end of a dynamic filament?

Accepted Answer

A) It is fast growing. 
B) It is slow growing. 
C) It loses subunits quickly. 
D) It is slow growing, and also loses its subunits quickly. 
A) It is fast growing. 
B) It is slow growing. 
C) It loses subunits quickly. 
D) It is slow growing, and also loses its subunits quickly.

Exam 10: Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Dynamic instability of microtubules:

Suppose there is a mutation in a laminin-binding integrin gene that causes a loss of function in the cytoplasmic domains of the integrin. Which of the following would you expect to observe as a result of this mutation?

Which one of the following statements about intracellular transport is TRUE?

Where would you find a cell adhesion molecule?

Could an isolated melanin granule move along an actin microfilament?

The property of dynamic instability implies that the individual protein subunits of microtubules are held together by:

Which one of the following statements about intracellular transport is TRUE?

Metastatic cancer cells:

Which of the following cytoskeletal elements contribute to the structural integrity and strength of epithelial tissues in animals?

Which of the following is a component of the extracellular matrix produced by an animal cell?

A decrease in cell adhesion, by the introduction of an experimental substance to a tissue, compromises the structural integrity of the tissue. Which cell junction would MOST likely be affected by this treatment causing a decrease in the strength of the tissue?

Which is the correct order of cytoskeletal filaments in DECREASING filament diameter?

Which one of the following statements about intracellular transport is TRUE?

Which type of cellular junction(s) allow(s) for the movement of proteins and transfer RNA molecules?

Why are the ends of microfilaments and microtubules called "plus ends" and "minus ends"?

What would happen in a cell if its a-tubulin was mutated and unable to bind to its b tubulin?

The extracellular matrix is a network of:

Cell junctions composed of cadherins organized as points of adhesion between adjacent cells and that connect to intermediate filaments are referred to as _____.

An epithelial tissue is defined as a:

What is the BEST characterization of the minus end of a dynamic filament?

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters