Question 1

Myosin motor proteins use ATP to:

Accepted Answer

A) carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction. 
B) carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction. 
C) carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. 
D) carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. 
E) slide along intermediate filaments to contract muscle cells. 
A) carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction. 
B) carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction. 
C) carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. 
D) carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. 
E) slide along intermediate filaments to contract muscle cells.

Question 2

Which type of cell junction prevents the movement of substances through the space between cells?

Accepted Answer

A) tight junctions 
B) adherens junctions 
C) desmosomes 
D) hemidesmosomes 
E) gap junctions 
A) tight junctions 
B) adherens junctions 
C) desmosomes 
D) hemidesmosomes 
E) gap junctions

Question 3

The area where the epidermis and the dermis meet is highly folded so that the epidermis "fits" into the dermis. What do you think is the function of this highly folded area?

Accepted Answer

A) Because the epidermis needs to send signals to the dermis, the highly folded area increases the surface area and hence the amount of signals that can reach the dermis. 
B) Because the dermis needs to send signals to the epidermis, the highly folded area increases the surface area and hence the amount of signals that can reach the epidermis. 
C) The epidermis is the outer layer and is under constant physical stress. This highly folded area between the epidermis and the dermis gives the epidermis additional support and protection against abrasive stress. 
D) The epidermis needs to obtain melanin, the pigment produced by melanocytes, which are located in the dermis. The highly folded area increases the surface area and hence the amount of melanin that reaches the epidermis. 
A) Because the epidermis needs to send signals to the dermis, the highly folded area increases the surface area and hence the amount of signals that can reach the dermis. 
B) Because the dermis needs to send signals to the epidermis, the highly folded area increases the surface area and hence the amount of signals that can reach the epidermis. 
C) The epidermis is the outer layer and is under constant physical stress. This highly folded area between the epidermis and the dermis gives the epidermis additional support and protection against abrasive stress. 
D) The epidermis needs to obtain melanin, the pigment produced by melanocytes, which are located in the dermis. The highly folded area increases the surface area and hence the amount of melanin that reaches the epidermis.

Question 4

Which of the following is a specific type of extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

A) plasmodesmata 
B) basal lamina 
C) flagella 
D) cilia 
A) plasmodesmata 
B) basal lamina 
C) flagella 
D) cilia

Question 5

Cadherins bind to which type of cytoskeletal element(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) intermediate filaments 
B) microtubules 
C) microfilaments 
D) both intermediate filaments and microfilaments 
A) intermediate filaments 
B) microtubules 
C) microfilaments 
D) both intermediate filaments and microfilaments

Exam 10: Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Myosin motor proteins use ATP to:

Which type of cell junction prevents the movement of substances through the space between cells?

The area where the epidermis and the dermis meet is highly folded so that the epidermis "fits" into the dermis. What do you think is the function of this highly folded area?

Which of the following is a specific type of extracellular matrix?

Cadherins bind to which type of cytoskeletal element(s)?

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

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