Question 1

Which one of the following is a major difference between integrins and cadherins?

Accepted Answer

A) Integrins are integral membrane proteins, whereas cadherins are not. 
B) Cadherins are found in cellular junctions, whereas integrins are not. 
C) Integrins allow cells to adhere to the extracellular matrix, whereas cadherins do not. 
D) Cadherins associate with intermediate filaments, whereas integrins do not. 
A) Integrins are integral membrane proteins, whereas cadherins are not. 
B) Cadherins are found in cellular junctions, whereas integrins are not. 
C) Integrins allow cells to adhere to the extracellular matrix, whereas cadherins do not. 
D) Cadherins associate with intermediate filaments, whereas integrins do not.

Question 2

Suppose there is a mutation in a laminin-binding integrin gene that causes a loss of function in the cytoplasmic domains of the integrin. Which one of the following would you expect to observe as a result of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

A) The strength of tissues would be decreased because the integrin could no longer associate with intermediate filaments in hemidesmosomes. 
B) The integrin would function normally because the cytoplasmic domain is not responsible for binding to laminin. 
C) Cell adhesion to laminin would decrease, but laminin-meditated gene expression would remain the same. 
A) The strength of tissues would be decreased because the integrin could no longer associate with intermediate filaments in hemidesmosomes. 
B) The integrin would function normally because the cytoplasmic domain is not responsible for binding to laminin. 
C) Cell adhesion to laminin would decrease, but laminin-meditated gene expression would remain the same.

Question 3

Which of the following is associated with microfilaments?

Accepted Answer

A) desmosomes 
B) adherens junction 
C) cilia and flagella 
A) desmosomes 
B) adherens junction 
C) cilia and flagella

Question 4

The MOST likely reason(s) a metastatic tumor cell might lose its connection to the basal lamina would be:

Accepted Answer

A) a change in the composition of the basal lamina. 
B) the loss of integrin proteins from the cell's surface. 
C) a change in the type of integrin proteins present on the cell's surface. 
D) the loss of integrin proteins from the cell's surface, or a change in the type of integrin proteins present on the cell's surface. 
A) a change in the composition of the basal lamina. 
B) the loss of integrin proteins from the cell's surface. 
C) a change in the type of integrin proteins present on the cell's surface. 
D) the loss of integrin proteins from the cell's surface, or a change in the type of integrin proteins present on the cell's surface.

Question 5

Kinesin motor proteins use ATP to:

Accepted Answer

A) carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction. 
B) carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction. 
C) carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. 
D) carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. 
E) slide along microfilaments to contract muscle cells. 
A) carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction. 
B) carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction. 
C) carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. 
D) carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. 
E) slide along microfilaments to contract muscle cells.

Question 6

The molecule lignin is associated with which property of a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

A) water resistance 
B) flexibility 
C) ability to hold cells together 
D) All of these choices are correct. 
A) water resistance 
B) flexibility 
C) ability to hold cells together 
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 7

Which one of the following is NOT a cellular function of microfilaments?

Accepted Answer

A) flagellar movement 
B) transport of vesicles 
C) muscle contraction 
D) formation of daughter cells following mitosis 
A) flagellar movement 
B) transport of vesicles 
C) muscle contraction 
D) formation of daughter cells following mitosis

Question 8

In order for a tumor cell to metastasize, which of the following would you expect to happen?

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in cadherin expression and an increase of integrin expression 
B) an increase of cadherin expression and a decrease in integrin expression 
C) an increase in both cadherin and integrin expression 
D) a decrease in both cadherin and integrin expression 
A) a decrease in cadherin expression and an increase of integrin expression 
B) an increase of cadherin expression and a decrease in integrin expression 
C) an increase in both cadherin and integrin expression 
D) a decrease in both cadherin and integrin expression

Question 9

Cadherins are:

Accepted Answer

A) cell adhesion molecules found in cell junctions. 
B) proteins involved in attachment of cells to neighboring cells. 
C) proteins involved in attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix. 
D) proteins that provide a pathway for molecules to move between cells. 
A) cell adhesion molecules found in cell junctions. 
B) proteins involved in attachment of cells to neighboring cells. 
C) proteins involved in attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix. 
D) proteins that provide a pathway for molecules to move between cells.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an example of an intermediate filament protein?

Accepted Answer

A) keratin 
B) actin 
C) lamin 
D) vimentin 
A) keratin 
B) actin 
C) lamin 
D) vimentin

Question 11

Many scientists are working to generate organs in vitro. In some cases, cells are seeded onto a "scaffold" shaped like the desired target organ. Such scaffolds are likely composed of extracellular matrix proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Microtubules and microfilaments are said to be "dynamic" elements of the cytoskeleton. In this case, "dynamic" means that:

Accepted Answer

A) once individual microfilaments and microtubules have formed, they can change shape and move around inside the cell. 
B) they are constantly changing and are never in the same place for very long. 
C) microtubules and microfilaments are assembled and disassembled and then reassembled again in a regulated manner. 
A) once individual microfilaments and microtubules have formed, they can change shape and move around inside the cell. 
B) they are constantly changing and are never in the same place for very long. 
C) microtubules and microfilaments are assembled and disassembled and then reassembled again in a regulated manner.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT considered an epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) the epidermis of the skin 
B) the lining of the stomach 
C) the interior of the brain 
D) the lining of the intestines 
E) All of the answer options are examples of epithelial tissue. 
A) the epidermis of the skin 
B) the lining of the stomach 
C) the interior of the brain 
D) the lining of the intestines 
E) All of the answer options are examples of epithelial tissue.

Question 14

In nerve cells, the centrosome is located near the nucleus. Vesicles move from near the nucleus to the end of long extensions (axons) along microtubules. Based on these two facts, it is possible to conclude that these vesicles are moving in the _____ direction on the microtubule using the motor protein _____.

Accepted Answer

A) minus end; dynein 
B) plus end; kinesin 
C) minus end; kinesin 
D) plus end; dynein 
A) minus end; dynein 
B) plus end; kinesin 
C) minus end; kinesin 
D) plus end; dynein

Question 15

Dynein motor proteins use ATP to:

Accepted Answer

A) carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction. 
B) carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction. 
C) carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. 
D) carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. 
E) slide along microfilaments to contract muscle cells. 
A) carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction. 
B) carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction. 
C) carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. 
D) carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. 
E) slide along microfilaments to contract muscle cells.

Question 16

Which of the following pairs includes cell junctions that perform similar functions?

Accepted Answer

A) tight junctions and adherens junctions 
B) tight junctions and desmosomes 
C) desmosomes and adherens junctions 
D) desmosomes and plasmodesmata 
A) tight junctions and adherens junctions 
B) tight junctions and desmosomes 
C) desmosomes and adherens junctions 
D) desmosomes and plasmodesmata

Question 17

Cilia and flagella:

Accepted Answer

A) are specialized cells that move by rotary motion. 
B) are specialized organelles that move by rotary motion. 
C) are specialized organelles that propel some algae, plant, and animal cells. 
D) contain microfilaments arranged in nine pairs around the periphery and two microfilaments in the center. 
E) contain microtubules arranged in nine pairs around the periphery and two microfilaments in the center. 
A) are specialized cells that move by rotary motion. 
B) are specialized organelles that move by rotary motion. 
C) are specialized organelles that propel some algae, plant, and animal cells. 
D) contain microfilaments arranged in nine pairs around the periphery and two microfilaments in the center. 
E) contain microtubules arranged in nine pairs around the periphery and two microfilaments in the center.

Question 18

Which of the following is associated with intermediate filaments?

Accepted Answer

A) desmosomes 
B) adherens junction 
C) cilia and flagella 
A) desmosomes 
B) adherens junction 
C) cilia and flagella

Question 19

Which one of the following pairs includes cell junctions that perform similar functions?

Accepted Answer

A) tight junctions and adherens junctions 
B) tight junctions and desmosomes 
C) adherens junctions and plasmodesmata 
D) plasmodesmata and gap junctions 
A) tight junctions and adherens junctions 
B) tight junctions and desmosomes 
C) adherens junctions and plasmodesmata 
D) plasmodesmata and gap junctions

Question 20

Cilia are:

Accepted Answer

A) specialized organelles found in some epithelial cells. 
B) used by epithelial cells to move substances along cell surfaces. 
C) used by sperm cells for locomotion. 
D) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) specialized organelles found in some epithelial cells. 
B) used by epithelial cells to move substances along cell surfaces. 
C) used by sperm cells for locomotion. 
D) None of the other answer options is correct.

Exam 10: Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Which one of the following is a major difference between integrins and cadherins?

Suppose there is a mutation in a laminin-binding integrin gene that causes a loss of function in the cytoplasmic domains of the integrin. Which one of the following would you expect to observe as a result of this mutation?

Which of the following is associated with microfilaments?

The MOST likely reason(s) a metastatic tumor cell might lose its connection to the basal lamina would be:

Kinesin motor proteins use ATP to:

The molecule lignin is associated with which property of a cell wall?

Which one of the following is NOT a cellular function of microfilaments?

In order for a tumor cell to metastasize, which of the following would you expect to happen?

Cadherins are:

Which of the following is NOT an example of an intermediate filament protein?

Many scientists are working to generate organs in vitro. In some cases, cells are seeded onto a "scaffold" shaped like the desired target organ. Such scaffolds are likely composed of extracellular matrix proteins.

Microtubules and microfilaments are said to be "dynamic" elements of the cytoskeleton. In this case, "dynamic" means that:

Which of the following is NOT considered an epithelial tissue?

Dynein motor proteins use ATP to:

Which of the following pairs includes cell junctions that perform similar functions?

Cilia and flagella:

Which of the following is associated with intermediate filaments?

Which one of the following pairs includes cell junctions that perform similar functions?

Cilia are:

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

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