Question 1

Which of the following tissues would you expect NOT to be found in the human heart?

Accepted Answer

A) muscle 
B) nervous 
C) epithelial 
D) connective 
E) All of these tissues would be found in the human heart. 
A) muscle 
B) nervous 
C) epithelial 
D) connective 
E) All of these tissues would be found in the human heart.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about cadherins and integrins is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) They are found on the surfaces of most animal cells. 
B) They are transmembrane proteins that attach to cytoskeletal elements inside the cell. 
C) They are highly specific for what their extracellular domain will attach to. 
D) They are not found in embryonic cells. 
A) They are found on the surfaces of most animal cells. 
B) They are transmembrane proteins that attach to cytoskeletal elements inside the cell. 
C) They are highly specific for what their extracellular domain will attach to. 
D) They are not found in embryonic cells.

Question 3

Structures known as microvilli are associated with:

Accepted Answer

A) communication between cells. 
B) increased surface area for gas exchange. 
C) adhesion to the extracellular matrix. 
D) increased surface area for nutrient absorption. 
A) communication between cells. 
B) increased surface area for gas exchange. 
C) adhesion to the extracellular matrix. 
D) increased surface area for nutrient absorption.

Question 4

Imagine that you are examining a mouse that does not produce basal lamina in the skin. How will this mouse be different from a normal, wild-type mouse?

Accepted Answer

A) The epidermis will not be connected to the dermis. 
B) The epidermis and dermis will be strongly connected. 
C) The dermis will be disorganized and will lack blood vessels. 
D) Cellular junctions will fail to form between the cells of the epidermis. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) The epidermis will not be connected to the dermis. 
B) The epidermis and dermis will be strongly connected. 
C) The dermis will be disorganized and will lack blood vessels. 
D) Cellular junctions will fail to form between the cells of the epidermis. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 5

Cancer can be characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) a mass of rapidly dividing cells called a tumor. 
B) metastasized tumor cells that leave the tumor and invade distant parts of the body. 
C) cells with an enhanced ability to adhere to proteins in the basal lamina. 
D) All of these choices are correct. 
A) a mass of rapidly dividing cells called a tumor. 
B) metastasized tumor cells that leave the tumor and invade distant parts of the body. 
C) cells with an enhanced ability to adhere to proteins in the basal lamina. 
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 6

Red blood cells are characterized as having an actin cytoskeleton associated with their plasma membrane. The presence of the membrane cytoskeleton MOST likely accounts for:

Accepted Answer

A) the shape of the cell. 
B) enhanced gas exchange. 
C) the ability of these cells to fit through narrow capillaries. 
D) All of these choices are correct. 
A) the shape of the cell. 
B) enhanced gas exchange. 
C) the ability of these cells to fit through narrow capillaries. 
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 7

The extracellular matrix is composed of: (1) proteins; (2) polysaccharides; (3) nucleic acids.

Accepted Answer

A) Statement (1)is correct. 
B) Statement (2)is correct. 
C) Statement (3)is correct. 
D) Statements (1)and (2)are correct. 
E) All of these statements are correct. 
A) Statement (1)is correct. 
B) Statement (2)is correct. 
C) Statement (3)is correct. 
D) Statements (1)and (2)are correct. 
E) All of these statements are correct.

Question 8

Microfilaments increase in length:

Accepted Answer

A) more quickly at one end than the other. 
B) by assembling outward from the centrosome. 
C) in cycles, following rapid depolymerization. 
D) if free tubulin dimers are available. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) more quickly at one end than the other. 
B) by assembling outward from the centrosome. 
C) in cycles, following rapid depolymerization. 
D) if free tubulin dimers are available. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following are components of the animal extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

A) cellulose and laminin 
B) lignin and elastin 
C) pectin and collagen 
D) collagen and laminin 
E) lignin and laminin 
A) cellulose and laminin 
B) lignin and elastin 
C) pectin and collagen 
D) collagen and laminin 
E) lignin and laminin

Question 10

The strength of collagen comes from its:

Accepted Answer

A) triple helical structure and bundling. 
B) amino acid sequence. 
C) ability to bind to polysaccharide molecules. 
D) triple helical structure and bundling, as well as its amino acid sequence. 
A) triple helical structure and bundling. 
B) amino acid sequence. 
C) ability to bind to polysaccharide molecules. 
D) triple helical structure and bundling, as well as its amino acid sequence.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about mammalian skin is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A) The epidermis is an outer layer that provides a water-resistant, protective barrier. 
B) The dermis is the layer below the epidermis containing connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings that provides nutrients to the epidermis and a cushion layer for the body. 
C) Epithelial cells in the epidermis are primarily composed of keratinocytes that protect underlying tissue. 
D) A specialized form of extracellular matrix, called the basal lamina, underlies the dermis and separates it from tissues below. 
E) Fibroblasts in the dermis produce extracellular matrix proteins to make the dermis strong and flexible. 
A) The epidermis is an outer layer that provides a water-resistant, protective barrier. 
B) The dermis is the layer below the epidermis containing connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings that provides nutrients to the epidermis and a cushion layer for the body. 
C) Epithelial cells in the epidermis are primarily composed of keratinocytes that protect underlying tissue. 
D) A specialized form of extracellular matrix, called the basal lamina, underlies the dermis and separates it from tissues below. 
E) Fibroblasts in the dermis produce extracellular matrix proteins to make the dermis strong and flexible.

Question 12

Zebrafish embryos change the color of the melanophore cells in their skin to a darker shade by:

Accepted Answer

A) dynein motor proteins moving pigment granules outward from the center of the cell. 
B) kinesin motor proteins moving pigment granules outward from the center of the cell. 
C) dynein motor proteins moving pigment granules inward toward the center of the cell. 
D) kinesin motor proteins moving pigment granules inward toward the center of the cell. 
E) dynein motor proteins moving pigment granules inward toward the plus end of microtubules. 
A) dynein motor proteins moving pigment granules outward from the center of the cell. 
B) kinesin motor proteins moving pigment granules outward from the center of the cell. 
C) dynein motor proteins moving pigment granules inward toward the center of the cell. 
D) kinesin motor proteins moving pigment granules inward toward the center of the cell. 
E) dynein motor proteins moving pigment granules inward toward the plus end of microtubules.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about plant cell walls is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) The cell wall has three layers: the middle lamella, the primary cell wall, and the secondary cell wall. 
B) In the late stages of cell division, the middle lamella is the first cell wall layer to be formed, serving to attach the daughter cells to each other. 
C) The primary cell wall is thin and flexible, formed while the cells are still growing. 
D) The secondary cell wall contains complex components such as lignin that are rigid. 
E) Like the extracellular matrix formed by animal cells, the cell wall polymers are formed in the cytoplasm and secreted to the outside of the cell. 
A) The cell wall has three layers: the middle lamella, the primary cell wall, and the secondary cell wall. 
B) In the late stages of cell division, the middle lamella is the first cell wall layer to be formed, serving to attach the daughter cells to each other. 
C) The primary cell wall is thin and flexible, formed while the cells are still growing. 
D) The secondary cell wall contains complex components such as lignin that are rigid. 
E) Like the extracellular matrix formed by animal cells, the cell wall polymers are formed in the cytoplasm and secreted to the outside of the cell.

Question 14

The cytoskeleton of plant cells includes:

Accepted Answer

A) microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. 
B) actin, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. 
C) actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. 
D) tubulin, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. 
E) microtubules and microfilaments. 
A) microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. 
B) actin, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. 
C) actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. 
D) tubulin, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. 
E) microtubules and microfilaments.

Question 15

Which of the following properly groups a cell junction with a cytoskeletal structure and a cell adhesion molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) adherens junction, microfilament, integrin 
B) hemidesmosome, intermediate filament, integrin 
C) desmosome, intermediate filament, integrin 
D) hemidesmosome, intermediate filament, cadherin 
A) adherens junction, microfilament, integrin 
B) hemidesmosome, intermediate filament, integrin 
C) desmosome, intermediate filament, integrin 
D) hemidesmosome, intermediate filament, cadherin

Question 16

The epidermis contains several layers and receives its nutrients from the dermis by diffusion. Which of the following explains why the outermost layers of the epidermis consist of dead cells?

Accepted Answer

A) One of the major functions of the epidermis is forming a waterproof barrier. Once that barrier is formed, nutrients cannot pass through it and the cells beyond that layer die. 
B) The protective function that the epidermis carries out is better served by having a layer of dead cells. 
C) UV light cannot penetrate as easily through dead cells as it can through live cells. 
D) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) One of the major functions of the epidermis is forming a waterproof barrier. Once that barrier is formed, nutrients cannot pass through it and the cells beyond that layer die. 
B) The protective function that the epidermis carries out is better served by having a layer of dead cells. 
C) UV light cannot penetrate as easily through dead cells as it can through live cells. 
D) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 17

Flagella move in a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) oarlike motion by the motor protein dynein sliding microtubules past each other. 
B) oarlike motion by the motor protein kinesin sliding microtubules past each other. 
C) whiplike motion by the motor protein dynein sliding microtubules past each other. 
D) whiplike motion by the motor protein kinesin sliding microtubules past each other. 
E) whiplike motion by the motor protein dynein sliding microfilaments past each other. 
A) oarlike motion by the motor protein dynein sliding microtubules past each other. 
B) oarlike motion by the motor protein kinesin sliding microtubules past each other. 
C) whiplike motion by the motor protein dynein sliding microtubules past each other. 
D) whiplike motion by the motor protein kinesin sliding microtubules past each other. 
E) whiplike motion by the motor protein dynein sliding microfilaments past each other.

Question 18

Which one of the cytoskeletal elements is associated with providing the cell with mechanical strength?

Accepted Answer

A) microtubules 
B) microfilaments 
C) microtubules and microfilaments 
D) intermediate filaments 
A) microtubules 
B) microfilaments 
C) microtubules and microfilaments 
D) intermediate filaments

Question 19

Which of the following structures are responsible for the shape of a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) microvilli 
B) cytoskeleton 
C) cell junctions 
D) organelles 
A) microvilli 
B) cytoskeleton 
C) cell junctions 
D) organelles

Question 20

Cells differentiate into multiple tissue types because each tissue has its own unique DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 10: Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Which of the following tissues would you expect NOT to be found in the human heart?

Which of the following statements about cadherins and integrins is/are TRUE?

Structures known as microvilli are associated with:

Imagine that you are examining a mouse that does not produce basal lamina in the skin. How will this mouse be different from a normal, wild-type mouse?

Cancer can be characterized by:

Red blood cells are characterized as having an actin cytoskeleton associated with their plasma membrane. The presence of the membrane cytoskeleton MOST likely accounts for:

The extracellular matrix is composed of: (1) proteins; (2) polysaccharides; (3) nucleic acids.

Microfilaments increase in length:

Which of the following are components of the animal extracellular matrix?

The strength of collagen comes from its:

Which of the following statements about mammalian skin is INCORRECT?

Zebrafish embryos change the color of the melanophore cells in their skin to a darker shade by:

Which of the following statements about plant cell walls is NOT true?

The cytoskeleton of plant cells includes:

Which of the following properly groups a cell junction with a cytoskeletal structure and a cell adhesion molecule?

The epidermis contains several layers and receives its nutrients from the dermis by diffusion. Which of the following explains why the outermost layers of the epidermis consist of dead cells?

Flagella move in a(n):

Which one of the cytoskeletal elements is associated with providing the cell with mechanical strength?

Which of the following structures are responsible for the shape of a cell?

Cells differentiate into multiple tissue types because each tissue has its own unique DNA.

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

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