Question 1

Which of the following structures would be located in the dermis of the skin?

Accepted Answer

A) nerve endings 
B) connective tissue 
C) sweat glands 
D) blood vessels 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) nerve endings 
B) connective tissue 
C) sweat glands 
D) blood vessels 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 2

If a mutation occurred in the cadherin gene so that the cytoplasmic domain no longer attached to the cytoskeleton, which of the following would occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Cadherins in desmosomes would no longer be anchored to intermediate filaments. 
B) Cadherins in adherens junctions would no longer be anchored to microtubules. 
C) Cadherins in hemidesmosomes would no longer be anchored to intermediate filaments. 
D) Cadherins in desmosomes would no longer be anchored to microfilaments. 
A) Cadherins in desmosomes would no longer be anchored to intermediate filaments. 
B) Cadherins in adherens junctions would no longer be anchored to microtubules. 
C) Cadherins in hemidesmosomes would no longer be anchored to intermediate filaments. 
D) Cadherins in desmosomes would no longer be anchored to microfilaments.

Question 3

The extracellular matrix in animals:

Accepted Answer

A) is located exclusively in muscle tissue. 
B) is formed by many types of cells, primarily fibroblasts, on their cell surfaces. 
C) is a meshwork of insoluble fibrous proteins, primarily collagens, that assemble in a double helix. 
D) differs from one tissue to the next, affecting the expression of genes in the cells that it surrounds. 
E) is attached to cells by gap junctions. 
A) is located exclusively in muscle tissue. 
B) is formed by many types of cells, primarily fibroblasts, on their cell surfaces. 
C) is a meshwork of insoluble fibrous proteins, primarily collagens, that assemble in a double helix. 
D) differs from one tissue to the next, affecting the expression of genes in the cells that it surrounds. 
E) is attached to cells by gap junctions.

Question 4

How does an adherens junction differ from a desmosome?

Accepted Answer

A) An adherens junction connects a cell to neighboring cells, and a desmosome connects a cell to the extracellular matrix. 
B) An adherens junction connects cells using adherin proteins, and a desmosome connects cells using cadherin proteins. 
C) Whereas both adherens junctions and desmosomes connect cells by using cadherin proteins, only an adherens junction connects to the cytoskeleton. 
D) Whereas both adherens junctions and desmosomes connect cells by using cadherin proteins, adherens junctions connect to microfilaments in the cytoplasm and desmosomes connect to intermediate filaments. 
E) These two types of junctions only differ in their bandlike versus button-like architecture in the plasma membrane. 
A) An adherens junction connects a cell to neighboring cells, and a desmosome connects a cell to the extracellular matrix. 
B) An adherens junction connects cells using adherin proteins, and a desmosome connects cells using cadherin proteins. 
C) Whereas both adherens junctions and desmosomes connect cells by using cadherin proteins, only an adherens junction connects to the cytoskeleton. 
D) Whereas both adherens junctions and desmosomes connect cells by using cadherin proteins, adherens junctions connect to microfilaments in the cytoplasm and desmosomes connect to intermediate filaments. 
E) These two types of junctions only differ in their bandlike versus button-like architecture in the plasma membrane.

Question 5

Which of the following CORRECTLY lists the sequence in which the plant cell wall is synthesized?

Accepted Answer

A) primary cell wall F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 secondary cell wall F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 middle lamella 
B) secondary cell wall F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 middle lamella F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 primary cell wall 
C) secondary cell wall F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 primary cell wall F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 middle lamella 
D) middle lamella F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 primary cell wall F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 secondary cell wall 
E) middle lamella F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 secondary cell wall F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 primary cell wall 
A) primary cell wall F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 secondary cell wall F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 middle lamella 
B) secondary cell wall F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 middle lamella F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 primary cell wall 
C) secondary cell wall F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 primary cell wall F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 middle lamella 
D) middle lamella F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 primary cell wall F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 secondary cell wall 
E) middle lamella F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 secondary cell wall F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 primary cell wall

Question 6

Which cell adhesion molecule is particularly good at attaching the cell to the basement membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) cadherins 
B) integrins 
C) myosin 
D) actin 
A) cadherins 
B) integrins 
C) myosin 
D) actin

Question 7

Which is NOT an example of a motor protein?

Accepted Answer

A) myosin 
B) kinesin 
C) venosin 
D) dynein 
A) myosin 
B) kinesin 
C) venosin 
D) dynein

Question 8

Which of the following comparisons between gap junctions and plasmodesmata is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Both allow exchange of material between cells, but gap junctions allow larger-sized molecules to transfer between cells. 
B) Animal cells have gap junctions, and plant cells have plasmodesmata. 
C) In plasmodesmata, the plasma membranes of the connected cells are continuous, while in gap junctions, the plasma membranes of the connected cells remain distinct. 
D) Gap junctions connect cells directly at the plasma membranes, but plasmodesmata must also bridge the cell wall separating the two cells. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) Both allow exchange of material between cells, but gap junctions allow larger-sized molecules to transfer between cells. 
B) Animal cells have gap junctions, and plant cells have plasmodesmata. 
C) In plasmodesmata, the plasma membranes of the connected cells are continuous, while in gap junctions, the plasma membranes of the connected cells remain distinct. 
D) Gap junctions connect cells directly at the plasma membranes, but plasmodesmata must also bridge the cell wall separating the two cells. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 9

Predict what would happen if an embryonic epidermal cell switched from expressing E-cadherin to N-cadherin.

Accepted Answer

A) The cell would leave the epidermis and join the neural cells. 
B) The cell would become a neural cell. 
C) The cell would die. 
D) There would be no effect. 
A) The cell would leave the epidermis and join the neural cells. 
B) The cell would become a neural cell. 
C) The cell would die. 
D) There would be no effect.

Question 10

Cadherin is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) motor protein. 
B) intermediate filament protein. 
C) cell adhesion molecule. 
D) extracellular matrix protein. 
A) motor protein. 
B) intermediate filament protein. 
C) cell adhesion molecule. 
D) extracellular matrix protein.

Question 11

Cells with cilia or flagella rely mainly on _____ to facilitate their movement.

Accepted Answer

A) microtubules 
B) microfilaments 
C) intermediate filaments 
A) microtubules 
B) microfilaments 
C) intermediate filaments

Question 12

Which one of the following is a characteristic shared by integrins and cadherins?

Accepted Answer

A) Both are peripheral membrane proteins. 
B) Both facilitate the adhesion of cells to extracellular matrix proteins. 
C) Both are present in adherens junctions, desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes. 
D) The cytoplasmic domains of both proteins are connected to the cytoskeleton. 
A) Both are peripheral membrane proteins. 
B) Both facilitate the adhesion of cells to extracellular matrix proteins. 
C) Both are present in adherens junctions, desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes. 
D) The cytoplasmic domains of both proteins are connected to the cytoskeleton.

Question 13

Which layer of the extracellular matrix of a plant provides the GREATEST strength?

Accepted Answer

A) the middle lamella 
B) the primary cell wall 
C) the secondary cell wall 
D) the plasma membrane 
A) the middle lamella 
B) the primary cell wall 
C) the secondary cell wall 
D) the plasma membrane

Question 14

Which one of the following CORRECTLY lists components of extracellular matrix found in animals?

Accepted Answer

A) collagen, laminin, and elastin 
B) collagen, lignin, laminin, and pectin 
C) lignin, pectin, and keratin 
D) cellulose, pectin, lignin 
A) collagen, laminin, and elastin 
B) collagen, lignin, laminin, and pectin 
C) lignin, pectin, and keratin 
D) cellulose, pectin, lignin

Question 15

The dermis of mammalian skin, including that of humans, contains a large amount of extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen and elastin. As a person ages, the amount of elastin in the dermis declines. Which of the following cell types is likely to be the cause of this change in the dermis of the skin?

Accepted Answer

A) keratinocytes 
B) fibroblasts 
C) melanocytes 
D) epidermal cells 
A) keratinocytes 
B) fibroblasts 
C) melanocytes 
D) epidermal cells

Question 16

In skin, the cells of the epidermis connect to the basal lamina through cellular junctions known as hemidesmosomes. Select the cytoskeletal element that helps maintain the integrity of this connection.

Accepted Answer

A) intermediate filaments 
B) microtubules 
C) microfilaments 
D) both intermediate filaments and microfilaments 
A) intermediate filaments 
B) microtubules 
C) microfilaments 
D) both intermediate filaments and microfilaments

Question 17

Dynamic instability is the rapid assembly and disassembly of:

Accepted Answer

A) microfilaments. 
B) intermediate filaments. 
C) microtubules. 
D) both microfilaments and microtubules. 
A) microfilaments. 
B) intermediate filaments. 
C) microtubules. 
D) both microfilaments and microtubules.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the skin is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) The epidermis is made up of epithelial tissue whereas the dermis is made up primarily of connective tissue. 
B) The epidermis is made up of connective tissue whereas the dermis is made up primarily of epithelial tissue. 
C) The epidermis and the dermis are made of the same tissue, called epithelial tissue. 
D) The epidermis and the dermis are made of the same tissue, called connective tissue. 
A) The epidermis is made up of epithelial tissue whereas the dermis is made up primarily of connective tissue. 
B) The epidermis is made up of connective tissue whereas the dermis is made up primarily of epithelial tissue. 
C) The epidermis and the dermis are made of the same tissue, called epithelial tissue. 
D) The epidermis and the dermis are made of the same tissue, called connective tissue.

Question 19

What would you expect to find within connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) collagen 
B) polysaccharides 
C) elastin 
D) fibroblasts 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) collagen 
B) polysaccharides 
C) elastin 
D) fibroblasts 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 20

Microvilli are located on the _____ of a cell.

Accepted Answer

A) basolateral surface 
B) basement membrane 
C) apical surface 
D) adjacent surface 
A) basolateral surface 
B) basement membrane 
C) apical surface 
D) adjacent surface

Exam 10: Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Which of the following structures would be located in the dermis of the skin?

If a mutation occurred in the cadherin gene so that the cytoplasmic domain no longer attached to the cytoskeleton, which of the following would occur?

The extracellular matrix in animals:

How does an adherens junction differ from a desmosome?

Which of the following CORRECTLY lists the sequence in which the plant cell wall is synthesized?

Which cell adhesion molecule is particularly good at attaching the cell to the basement membrane?

Which is NOT an example of a motor protein?

Which of the following comparisons between gap junctions and plasmodesmata is NOT true?

Predict what would happen if an embryonic epidermal cell switched from expressing E-cadherin to N-cadherin.

Cadherin is an example of a(n):

Cells with cilia or flagella rely mainly on _____ to facilitate their movement.

Which one of the following is a characteristic shared by integrins and cadherins?

Which layer of the extracellular matrix of a plant provides the GREATEST strength?

Which one of the following CORRECTLY lists components of extracellular matrix found in animals?

In skin, the cells of the epidermis connect to the basal lamina through cellular junctions known as hemidesmosomes. Select the cytoskeletal element that helps maintain the integrity of this connection.

Dynamic instability is the rapid assembly and disassembly of:

Which of the following statements about the skin is TRUE?

What would you expect to find within connective tissue?

Microvilli are located on the _____ of a cell.

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

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