Question 1

Briefly,discuss the assumptions of rationality and the validity of those assumptions.

Accepted Answer

A decision maker who is perfectly rational is fully objective and logical.The problem faced is clear and unambiguous.The decision maker has a clear and specific goal.He is aware of all possible alternatives and consequences.Making decisions consistently leads to selecting the alternative that maximizes the likelihood of achieving that goal.These assumptions apply to any decision - personal or managerial.For managerial decision making,an additional assumption is that decisions are made in the best interests of the organization.However,most of these assumptions of rationality are not very realistic.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the psychological orientation of an individual making a "maximax" choice?

Accepted Answer

A) optimist 
B) cynic 
C) pessimist 
D) defeatist 
A) optimist 
B) cynic 
C) pessimist 
D) defeatist A

Question 3

Sophie is in charge of recruitment at her company.During a particular interview,the first thing Sophie noticed about the applicant was that he was improperly attired.Though the candidate possessed the necessary qualifications and effectively answered all her questions,Sophie rejected him.This is an example of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) availability bias 
B) self-serving bias 
C) anchoring effect 
D) confirmation bias 
A) availability bias 
B) self-serving bias 
C) anchoring effect 
D) confirmation bias C

Question 4

List and discuss the eight steps in the decision-making process.

Accepted Answer

1.Identify a problem - The decision-maki

Question 5

Carla has identified several possible sources for an unusual grain for her artisan bread.Now she is comparing their prices,quality,and delivery times.At what step is she in the decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

A) develop alternatives 
B) analyze alternatives 
C) select an alternative 
D) implement the alternative 
A) develop alternatives 
B) analyze alternatives 
C) select an alternative 
D) implement the alternative

Question 6

In the late 1970s,Apple launched the Apple computer for individual use.It was a radical concept; there was no precedent for this type of product.Under these circumstances,Apple faced a situation of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) certainty 
B) uncertainty 
C) risk 
D) necessity 
A) certainty 
B) uncertainty 
C) risk 
D) necessity

Question 7

Creativity is most essential in which of the following steps of the decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

A) analyzing alternatives 
B) allocating weights to the decision criteria 
C) developing alternatives 
D) identifying decision criteria 
A) analyzing alternatives 
B) allocating weights to the decision criteria 
C) developing alternatives 
D) identifying decision criteria

Question 8

Rules of thumb that managers use to simplify decision making are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) heuristics 
B) folksonomies 
C) algorithms 
D) sophisms 
A) heuristics 
B) folksonomies 
C) algorithms 
D) sophisms

Question 9

A(n)________ decision is a repetitive decision that can be handled by a routine approach.

Accepted Answer

A) nonprogrammed 
B) structured 
C) unstructured 
D) programmed 
A) nonprogrammed 
B) structured 
C) unstructured 
D) programmed

Question 10

"Smoking and the consumption of alcohol are strictly prohibited inside the work premises." This is most likely an example of a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) rule 
B) objective 
C) procedure 
D) policy 
A) rule 
B) objective 
C) procedure 
D) policy

Question 11

Risk is the condition in which a decision maker is able to estimate the likelihood of certain outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Design thinking is an interesting new line of thinking with broad implications for making effective business decisions by integrating emotional elements into the process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

After identifying the decision criteria that are important or relevant to resolving a problem,the next step in the decision-making process is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) allocating weights to the criteria 
B) analyzing the alternatives to solving the problem 
C) reducing the number of criteria through the process of elimination 
D) implementing the alternative 
A) allocating weights to the criteria 
B) analyzing the alternatives to solving the problem 
C) reducing the number of criteria through the process of elimination 
D) implementing the alternative

Question 14

The ________ occurs when decision makers select and highlight certain aspects of a situation while excluding others.

Accepted Answer

A) framing bias 
B) availability bias 
C) representation bias 
D) confirmation bias 
A) framing bias 
B) availability bias 
C) representation bias 
D) confirmation bias

Question 15

The phenomenon of escalation of commitment refers to an increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been wrong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

To determine the ________,a manager must determine what is relevant or important to resolving a problem.

Accepted Answer

A) bounded rationality of a decision 
B) escalation of commitment 
C) cost of implementation 
D) decision criteria 
A) bounded rationality of a decision 
B) escalation of commitment 
C) cost of implementation 
D) decision criteria

Question 17

"All employees must be at their work stations and ready to work by the time the buzzer sounds." This is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a policy 
B) a procedure 
C) a practice 
D) a rule 
A) a policy 
B) a procedure 
C) a practice 
D) a rule

Question 18

Nonprogrammed decisions ________.

Accepted Answer

A) involve standardized solutions 
B) are usually made by lower-level managers 
C) are associated with clear and specific goals 
D) are unique and nonrecurring 
A) involve standardized solutions 
B) are usually made by lower-level managers 
C) are associated with clear and specific goals 
D) are unique and nonrecurring

Question 19

A(n)________ is an explicit statement that tells a manager what can or cannot be done.

Accepted Answer

A) agenda 
B) objective 
C) rule 
D) solution 
A) agenda 
B) objective 
C) rule 
D) solution

Question 20

________ results in a solution that is considered "good enough."

Accepted Answer

A) Escalating 
B) Linear thinking 
C) Intuition 
D) Satisficing 
A) Escalating 
B) Linear thinking 
C) Intuition 
D) Satisficing

Briefly,discuss the assumptions of rationality and the validity of those assumptions.

Which of the following best describes the psychological orientation of an individual making a "maximax" choice?

List and discuss the eight steps in the decision-making process.

Carla has identified several possible sources for an unusual grain for her artisan bread.Now she is comparing their prices,quality,and delivery times.At what step is she in the decision-making process?

In the late 1970s,Apple launched the Apple computer for individual use.It was a radical concept; there was no precedent for this type of product.Under these circumstances,Apple faced a situation of ________.

Creativity is most essential in which of the following steps of the decision-making process?

Rules of thumb that managers use to simplify decision making are known as ________.

A(n)________ decision is a repetitive decision that can be handled by a routine approach.

"Smoking and the consumption of alcohol are strictly prohibited inside the work premises." This is most likely an example of a(n)________.

Risk is the condition in which a decision maker is able to estimate the likelihood of certain outcomes.

Design thinking is an interesting new line of thinking with broad implications for making effective business decisions by integrating emotional elements into the process.

After identifying the decision criteria that are important or relevant to resolving a problem,the next step in the decision-making process is ________.

The ________ occurs when decision makers select and highlight certain aspects of a situation while excluding others.

The phenomenon of escalation of commitment refers to an increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been wrong.

To determine the ________,a manager must determine what is relevant or important to resolving a problem.

"All employees must be at their work stations and ready to work by the time the buzzer sounds." This is an example of ________.

Nonprogrammed decisions ________.

A(n)________ is an explicit statement that tells a manager what can or cannot be done.

________ results in a solution that is considered "good enough."

Managers in the Workplace

Managing the External Environment and the Organizations Culture

Managing in a Global Environment

Managing Diversity

Managing Social Responsibility and Ethics

Managing Change and Innovation

Planning Work Activities

Managing Strategy

Designing Organizational Structure - Basic Designs

Designing Organizational - Structure Adaptive Design

Managing Human Resources

Creating and Managing Teams

Managing Communication

Understanding and Managing Individual Behavior

Motivating Employees

Being an Effective Leader

Monitoring and Controlling

Filters

Exam 2: Managers As Decision Makers

Briefly,discuss the assumptions of rationality and the validity of those assumptions.

Which of the following best describes the psychological orientation of an individual making a "maximax" choice?

List and discuss the eight steps in the decision-making process.

Carla has identified several possible sources for an unusual grain for her artisan bread.Now she is comparing their prices,quality,and delivery times.At what step is she in the decision-making process?

In the late 1970s,Apple launched the Apple computer for individual use.It was a radical concept; there was no precedent for this type of product.Under these circumstances,Apple faced a situation of ________.

Creativity is most essential in which of the following steps of the decision-making process?

Rules of thumb that managers use to simplify decision making are known as ________.

A(n)________ decision is a repetitive decision that can be handled by a routine approach.

"Smoking and the consumption of alcohol are strictly prohibited inside the work premises." This is most likely an example of a(n)________.

Risk is the condition in which a decision maker is able to estimate the likelihood of certain outcomes.

Design thinking is an interesting new line of thinking with broad implications for making effective business decisions by integrating emotional elements into the process.

After identifying the decision criteria that are important or relevant to resolving a problem,the next step in the decision-making process is ________.

The ________ occurs when decision makers select and highlight certain aspects of a situation while excluding others.

The phenomenon of escalation of commitment refers to an increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been wrong.

To determine the ________,a manager must determine what is relevant or important to resolving a problem.

"All employees must be at their work stations and ready to work by the time the buzzer sounds." This is an example of ________.

Nonprogrammed decisions ________.

A(n)________ is an explicit statement that tells a manager what can or cannot be done.

________ results in a solution that is considered "good enough."

Managers in the Workplace

Managing the External Environment and the Organizations Culture

Managing in a Global Environment

Managing Diversity

Managing Social Responsibility and Ethics

Managing Change and Innovation

Planning Work Activities

Managing Strategy

Designing Organizational Structure - Basic Designs

Designing Organizational - Structure Adaptive Design

Managing Human Resources

Creating and Managing Teams

Managing Communication

Understanding and Managing Individual Behavior

Motivating Employees

Being an Effective Leader

Monitoring and Controlling

Filters