Question 1

Pulmonary vascular resistance increases during hypoxia; how should it behave during exercise?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreases 
B) Initially stays the same and then increases with time 
C) Increases 
D) Stays the same; not influenced 
A) Decreases 
B) Initially stays the same and then increases with time 
C) Increases 
D) Stays the same; not influenced A

Question 2

The ability of CO2 to alter the affinity of hemoglobin for O2,which enhances O2 delivery to tissues and O2 uptake in the lungs,is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) Chloride shift 
B) Haldane's effect 
C) Bohr's effect 
D) Hamburger's phenomenon 
E) Graham's effect 
A) Chloride shift 
B) Haldane's effect 
C) Bohr's effect 
D) Hamburger's phenomenon 
E) Graham's effect C

Question 3

The predominant transport mechanism of CO2 in blood is by:

Accepted Answer

A) Dissolved CO2. 
B) Carbamino protein complexes. 
C) Hemoglobin binding. 
D) HCO3- within red blood cells. 
E) Deoxyhemoglobin 
A) Dissolved CO2. 
B) Carbamino protein complexes. 
C) Hemoglobin binding. 
D) HCO3- within red blood cells. 
E) Deoxyhemoglobin D

Question 4

The dissociation curve of CO2 in blood is:

Accepted Answer

A) Linear and directly related to partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2). 
B) Linear and not related to Pco2. 
C) Not linear 
D) Linear and directly related to partial pressure of oxygen (Po2). 
E) S-shaped and directly related to Pco2. 
A) Linear and directly related to partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2). 
B) Linear and not related to Pco2. 
C) Not linear 
D) Linear and directly related to partial pressure of oxygen (Po2). 
E) S-shaped and directly related to Pco2.

Question 5

A 48-year-old man presents with a low Pao2,low oxygen content in arterial blood (Cao2),low amount of O2 delivered,and a normal amount of O2 utilized.He is probably suffering from what type of hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

A) Circulatory 
B) Hypoxic 
C) Anemic 
D) Histotoxic 
A) Circulatory 
B) Hypoxic 
C) Anemic 
D) Histotoxic

Question 6

A 44-year-old man who has experienced trauma is given multiple blood transfusions because of severe blood loss.What influence would this treatment have on his O2 dissociation curve?

Accepted Answer

A) A shift to the left 
B) A shift to the right 
C) No change 
D) A downward shift 
E) An upward shift 
A) A shift to the left 
B) A shift to the right 
C) No change 
D) A downward shift 
E) An upward shift

Question 7

A 10-year-old girl with primary pulmonary hypertension is receiving nitric oxide therapy for its vasodilatation properties.She presents with a deficiency in oxygen-carrying capacity with the hemoglobin iron molecule in the ferric acid state and a methemoglobin level of 10%.She probably has a condition known as:

Accepted Answer

A) Sickle cell disease. 
B) Anemia. 
C) Methemoglobinemia. 
D) Hypoxic shock. 
E) Restrictive lung disease. 
A) Sickle cell disease. 
B) Anemia. 
C) Methemoglobinemia. 
D) Hypoxic shock. 
E) Restrictive lung disease.

Question 8

A 12-year-old girl of Hispanic descent enters the emergency department with severe pain on the left side of her abdomen.The family has recently immigrated to the United States.First attempts at pain relief with nonnarcotic drugs are unsuccessful.Opioids are needed to suppress the pain.Her laboratory results show that she is anemic and her parents reveal a history of chronic infections and a stroke.Genetic testing reveals that her hemoglobin gene has a single amino acid substitution of valine for glutamic acid.Her primary diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

A) Blunt traumatic injury to the spleen. 
B) Aneurysm. 
C) Sickle cell disease. 
D) Cystic fibrosis 
A) Blunt traumatic injury to the spleen. 
B) Aneurysm. 
C) Sickle cell disease. 
D) Cystic fibrosis

Question 9

Tissue hypoxia is caused by all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) Anemia. 
B) Carbon monoxide poisoning. 
C) Cyanide poisoning. 
D) Shock. 
E) Pneumonia. 
A) Anemia. 
B) Carbon monoxide poisoning. 
C) Cyanide poisoning. 
D) Shock. 
E) Pneumonia.

Question 10

A 62-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with fever and pneumonia.How is her O2 dissociation curve affected by her clinical status?

Accepted Answer

A) A shift to the left 
B) A shift to the right 
C) No change 
D) A downward shift 
E) An upward shift 
A) A shift to the left 
B) A shift to the right 
C) No change 
D) A downward shift 
E) An upward shift

Exam 24: Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Pulmonary vascular resistance increases during hypoxia; how should it behave during exercise?

The ability of CO2 to alter the affinity of hemoglobin for O2,which enhances O2 delivery to tissues and O2 uptake in the lungs,is referred to as:

The predominant transport mechanism of CO2 in blood is by:

The dissociation curve of CO2 in blood is:

A 48-year-old man presents with a low Pao2,low oxygen content in arterial blood (Cao2),low amount of O2 delivered,and a normal amount of O2 utilized.He is probably suffering from what type of hypoxia?

A 44-year-old man who has experienced trauma is given multiple blood transfusions because of severe blood loss.What influence would this treatment have on his O2 dissociation curve?

Tissue hypoxia is caused by all of the following except:

A 62-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with fever and pneumonia.How is her O2 dissociation curve affected by her clinical status?

Principles of Cell Function

Homeostasis of Body Fluids

Signal Transduction, membrane Receptors, second Messengers, and Regulation of Gene Expression

The Nervous System: Introduction to Cells and Systems

Generation and Conduction of Action Potentials

Synaptic Transmission

The Somatosensory System

The Special Senses

Organization of Motor Function

Higher Functions of the Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Its Central Control

Skeletal Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Overview of Circulation

Elements of Cardiac Function

Properties of the Vasculature

Regulation of the Heart and Vasculature

Integrated Control of the Cardiovascular System

Structure and Function of the Respiratory System

Static Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics

Dynamic Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics

Ventilation

Control of Respiration

Non-Physiologic Functions of the Lung: Host Defense and Metabolism

Functional Anatomy and General Principles of Regulation in the Gastrointestinal Tract

The Cephalic, oral, and Esophageal Phases of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Gastric Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Small Intestinal Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Colonic Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

Transport and Metabolic Functions of the Liver

Elements of Renal Function

Solute and Water Transport Along the Nephron: Tubular Function

Control of Body Fluid Osmolality and Volume

Potassium, calcium, and Phosphate Homeostasis

Role of the Kidneys in the Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Hormonal Regulation of Energy Metabolism

Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism

The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Adrenal Glands

The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Filters

The ability of CO₂ to alter the affinity of hemoglobin for O₂,which enhances O₂ delivery to tissues and O₂ uptake in the lungs,is referred to as:

The predominant transport mechanism of CO₂ in blood is by:

The dissociation curve of CO₂ in blood is:

A 48-year-old man presents with a low Pao₂,low oxygen content in arterial blood (Cao₂),low amount of O₂ delivered,and a normal amount of O₂ utilized.He is probably suffering from what type of hypoxia?

A 44-year-old man who has experienced trauma is given multiple blood transfusions because of severe blood loss.What influence would this treatment have on his O₂ dissociation curve?

A 62-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with fever and pneumonia.How is her O₂ dissociation curve affected by her clinical status?