Question 1

Postganglionic neurons are found in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Intermediolateral cell column 
B) Thoracic ventral root 
C) White communicating ramus 
D) Paravertebral ganglion 
E) Gray communicating ramus 
A) Intermediolateral cell column 
B) Thoracic ventral root 
C) White communicating ramus 
D) Paravertebral ganglion 
E) Gray communicating ramus D

Question 2

Damage to the intermediolateral cell column in the upper thoracic spinal cord causes:

Accepted Answer

A) Ptosis 
B) Pupillary dilation 
C) Increased sweating on the face 
D) Paralysis of the thoracic musculature 
E) Increased sweating on the body 
A) Ptosis 
B) Pupillary dilation 
C) Increased sweating on the face 
D) Paralysis of the thoracic musculature 
E) Increased sweating on the body A

Question 3

The parasympathetic system differs from the sympathetic system by:

Accepted Answer

A) Exiting the central nervous system (CNS)at spinal cord levels. 
B) Having a two-neuron motor pathway. 
C) Having preganglionic cell bodies located in the CNS. 
D) Having short postganglionic axons. 
A) Exiting the central nervous system (CNS)at spinal cord levels. 
B) Having a two-neuron motor pathway. 
C) Having preganglionic cell bodies located in the CNS. 
D) Having short postganglionic axons. D

Question 4

In controlling micturation:

Accepted Answer

A) Sympathetic and somatic nerves act synergistically. 
B) Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves act synergistically. 
C) Parasympathetic and somatic nerves act synergistically. 
D) Sympathetic,parasympathetic,and somatic nerves all act synergistically. 
A) Sympathetic and somatic nerves act synergistically. 
B) Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves act synergistically. 
C) Parasympathetic and somatic nerves act synergistically. 
D) Sympathetic,parasympathetic,and somatic nerves all act synergistically.

Question 5

Leptin acts to control body fat levels (adiposity)by:

Accepted Answer

A) Inhibiting food intake. 
B) Stimulating proopiomelanocortin (POM
C) / cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcript (CART)neurons in the hypothalamus. 
C) Inhibiting neuropeptide Y (NPY)/ agouti-related peptide (AgRP)neurons in the hypothalamus. 
D) Promoting the loss of fat tissue. 
E) Decreasing in response to increased adiposity. 
A) Inhibiting food intake. 
B) Stimulating proopiomelanocortin (POM
C) / cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcript (CART)neurons in the hypothalamus. 
C) Inhibiting neuropeptide Y (NPY)/ agouti-related peptide (AgRP)neurons in the hypothalamus. 
D) Promoting the loss of fat tissue. 
E) Decreasing in response to increased adiposity.

Question 6

Urinary continence is maintained by excitatory:

Accepted Answer

A) Somatic innervation of the internal sphincter. 
B) Postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the detrusor muscle. 
C) Postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the internal sphincter. 
D) Postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the detrusor muscle. 
E) Postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the external sphincter. 
A) Somatic innervation of the internal sphincter. 
B) Postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the detrusor muscle. 
C) Postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the internal sphincter. 
D) Postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the detrusor muscle. 
E) Postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the external sphincter.

Question 7

Maintenance of body temperature in a cold environment involves all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) Shivering thermogenesis. 
B) brown adipose tissue (BAT)thermogenesis. 
C) Cutaneous vasoconstriction. 
D) Voluntary behaviors (e.g.,closing an open window). 
E) A decrease in thyroid activity. 
A) Shivering thermogenesis. 
B) brown adipose tissue (BAT)thermogenesis. 
C) Cutaneous vasoconstriction. 
D) Voluntary behaviors (e.g.,closing an open window). 
E) A decrease in thyroid activity.

Question 8

Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter:

Accepted Answer

A) At all autonomic ganglia. 
B) For all postganglionic parasympathetic nerves. 
C) For all preganglionic sympathetic nerves. 
D) For most postganglionic sympathetic nerves. 
E) For most postganglionic parasympathetic nerves. 
A) At all autonomic ganglia. 
B) For all postganglionic parasympathetic nerves. 
C) For all preganglionic sympathetic nerves. 
D) For most postganglionic sympathetic nerves. 
E) For most postganglionic parasympathetic nerves.

Question 9

A lesion in the preoptic region of the hypothalamus causes:

Accepted Answer

A) Hypothermia 
B) Decreased sweating 
C) Increased food intake 
D) Decreased food intake 
E) Cutaneous vasodilation 
A) Hypothermia 
B) Decreased sweating 
C) Increased food intake 
D) Decreased food intake 
E) Cutaneous vasodilation

Exam 11: The Autonomic Nervous System and Its Central Control

Postganglionic neurons are found in which of the following?

Damage to the intermediolateral cell column in the upper thoracic spinal cord causes:

The parasympathetic system differs from the sympathetic system by:

In controlling micturation:

Leptin acts to control body fat levels (adiposity)by:

Urinary continence is maintained by excitatory:

Maintenance of body temperature in a cold environment involves all of the following except:

Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter:

A lesion in the preoptic region of the hypothalamus causes:

Principles of Cell Function

Homeostasis of Body Fluids

Signal Transduction, membrane Receptors, second Messengers, and Regulation of Gene Expression

The Nervous System: Introduction to Cells and Systems

Generation and Conduction of Action Potentials

Synaptic Transmission

The Somatosensory System

The Special Senses

Organization of Motor Function

Higher Functions of the Nervous System

Skeletal Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Overview of Circulation

Elements of Cardiac Function

Properties of the Vasculature

Regulation of the Heart and Vasculature

Integrated Control of the Cardiovascular System

Structure and Function of the Respiratory System

Static Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics

Dynamic Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics

Ventilation

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Control of Respiration

Non-Physiologic Functions of the Lung: Host Defense and Metabolism

Functional Anatomy and General Principles of Regulation in the Gastrointestinal Tract

The Cephalic, oral, and Esophageal Phases of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Gastric Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Small Intestinal Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Colonic Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

Transport and Metabolic Functions of the Liver

Elements of Renal Function

Solute and Water Transport Along the Nephron: Tubular Function

Control of Body Fluid Osmolality and Volume

Potassium, calcium, and Phosphate Homeostasis

Role of the Kidneys in the Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Hormonal Regulation of Energy Metabolism

Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism

The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Adrenal Glands

The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Filters