Question 1

At electrical synapses:

Accepted Answer

A) There is a synaptic delay as the signal travels from the presynaptic element to the postsynaptic element. 
B) Release of neurotransmitter is required. 
C) There is a low-resistance pathway for flow of current between cells. 
D) Electrical potentials can be transmitted in only one direction. 
A) There is a synaptic delay as the signal travels from the presynaptic element to the postsynaptic element. 
B) Release of neurotransmitter is required. 
C) There is a low-resistance pathway for flow of current between cells. 
D) Electrical potentials can be transmitted in only one direction. C

Question 2

The neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA):

Accepted Answer

A) Is stored in large electron-dense vesicles. 
B) Is the major excitatory transmitter in the brain. 
C) When released,acts mainly at the immediate postsynaptic membrane. 
D) Binds to only ionotropic receptors. 
A) Is stored in large electron-dense vesicles. 
B) Is the major excitatory transmitter in the brain. 
C) When released,acts mainly at the immediate postsynaptic membrane. 
D) Binds to only ionotropic receptors. C

Question 3

Ionotropic receptors:

Accepted Answer

A) Activate second messenger cascades. 
B) Trigger EPSPs that are longer than those of metabotropic receptors. 
C) Are a common receptor type for neuropeptides. 
D) Underlie fast synaptic transmission. 
A) Activate second messenger cascades. 
B) Trigger EPSPs that are longer than those of metabotropic receptors. 
C) Are a common receptor type for neuropeptides. 
D) Underlie fast synaptic transmission. D

Question 4

The kiss-and-run method of vesicle recycling is most important for maintaining synaptic transmission at:

Accepted Answer

A) An axon with a high firing rate and small presynaptic terminals. 
B) The neuromuscular junction. 
C) A large central nervous system (CNS)synapse. 
D) A presynaptic terminal with a low probability of release. 
A) An axon with a high firing rate and small presynaptic terminals. 
B) The neuromuscular junction. 
C) A large central nervous system (CNS)synapse. 
D) A presynaptic terminal with a low probability of release.

Question 5

Temporal summation refers to the fact that:

Accepted Answer

A) Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)generated by synapses on different dendrites will add linearly. 
B) EPSPs generated by synapses on the same dendrite will add linearly. 
C) Two EPSPs generated at slightly different times will produce a larger overall response. 
D) Two EPSPs generated at the same time will shunt each other. 
A) Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)generated by synapses on different dendrites will add linearly. 
B) EPSPs generated by synapses on the same dendrite will add linearly. 
C) Two EPSPs generated at slightly different times will produce a larger overall response. 
D) Two EPSPs generated at the same time will shunt each other.

Question 6

Chemical synapses are typically characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) Unidirectional and instantaneous transmission of electrical signals. 
B) Unidirectional transmission of electrical signals after a short delay. 
C) Bidirectional and instantaneous transmission of electrical signals. 
D) Bidirectional transmission of electrical signals after a short delay. 
A) Unidirectional and instantaneous transmission of electrical signals. 
B) Unidirectional transmission of electrical signals after a short delay. 
C) Bidirectional and instantaneous transmission of electrical signals. 
D) Bidirectional transmission of electrical signals after a short delay.

Question 7

The quantal nature of chemical synaptic transmission is best supported by observation of:

Accepted Answer

A) Spontaneous miniature end plate potentials (mEPPs). 
B) Discrete jumps in end plate potential (EPP)amplitude when [Ca++] is normal. 
C) EPPs that vary smoothly in amplitude. 
D) A constant EPP amplitude. 
E) Evoked EPPs that are smaller than mEPPs. 
A) Spontaneous miniature end plate potentials (mEPPs). 
B) Discrete jumps in end plate potential (EPP)amplitude when [Ca++] is normal. 
C) EPPs that vary smoothly in amplitude. 
D) A constant EPP amplitude. 
E) Evoked EPPs that are smaller than mEPPs.

Question 8

Calcium entry into the presynaptic terminal is greatest:

Accepted Answer

A) During the rising phase of the action potential. 
B) At the peak of the action potential. 
C) During the falling phase of the action potential. 
D) During the afterhyperpolarization that follows an action potential. 
E) When the action potential is in its resting phase. 
A) During the rising phase of the action potential. 
B) At the peak of the action potential. 
C) During the falling phase of the action potential. 
D) During the afterhyperpolarization that follows an action potential. 
E) When the action potential is in its resting phase.

Question 9

Metabotropic receptors:

Accepted Answer

A) Trigger EPSPs whose time course is mainly determined by the resistor-capacitor (R
C) circuit (i.e.,passive electrical)properties of the cell membrane. 
B) Trigger EPSPs that last approximately 10 msec. 
C) Are coupled to a G protein. 
D) Have only one significant action,which is to cause voltage changes (postsynaptic potentials [PSPs]). 
A) Trigger EPSPs whose time course is mainly determined by the resistor-capacitor (R
C) circuit (i.e.,passive electrical)properties of the cell membrane. 
B) Trigger EPSPs that last approximately 10 msec. 
C) Are coupled to a G protein. 
D) Have only one significant action,which is to cause voltage changes (postsynaptic potentials [PSPs]).

Question 10

At gap junctions,the intercellular space:

Accepted Answer

A) Widens and is filled by electron-lucent material. 
B) Widens and is filled by electron-dense material. 
C) Narrows and is filled by electron-lucent material. 
D) Narrows and is filled by electron-dense material. 
A) Widens and is filled by electron-lucent material. 
B) Widens and is filled by electron-dense material. 
C) Narrows and is filled by electron-lucent material. 
D) Narrows and is filled by electron-dense material.

Exam 6: Synaptic Transmission

At electrical synapses:

The neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA):

Ionotropic receptors:

The kiss-and-run method of vesicle recycling is most important for maintaining synaptic transmission at:

Temporal summation refers to the fact that:

Chemical synapses are typically characterized by:

The quantal nature of chemical synaptic transmission is best supported by observation of:

Calcium entry into the presynaptic terminal is greatest:

Metabotropic receptors:

At gap junctions,the intercellular space:

Principles of Cell Function

Homeostasis of Body Fluids

Signal Transduction, membrane Receptors, second Messengers, and Regulation of Gene Expression

The Nervous System: Introduction to Cells and Systems

Generation and Conduction of Action Potentials

The Somatosensory System

The Special Senses

Organization of Motor Function

Higher Functions of the Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Its Central Control

Skeletal Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Overview of Circulation

Elements of Cardiac Function

Properties of the Vasculature

Regulation of the Heart and Vasculature

Integrated Control of the Cardiovascular System

Structure and Function of the Respiratory System

Static Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics

Dynamic Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics

Ventilation

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Control of Respiration

Non-Physiologic Functions of the Lung: Host Defense and Metabolism

Functional Anatomy and General Principles of Regulation in the Gastrointestinal Tract

The Cephalic, oral, and Esophageal Phases of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Gastric Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Small Intestinal Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Colonic Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

Transport and Metabolic Functions of the Liver

Elements of Renal Function

Solute and Water Transport Along the Nephron: Tubular Function

Control of Body Fluid Osmolality and Volume

Potassium, calcium, and Phosphate Homeostasis

Role of the Kidneys in the Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Hormonal Regulation of Energy Metabolism

Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism

The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Adrenal Glands

The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

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