Question 1

Which of the following statements does not apply to axons?

Accepted Answer

A) Typically there is one axon per neuron. 
B) Axons lack rough endoplasmic reticulum,free ribosomes,and a Golgi apparatus. 
C) They conduct action potentials away from the cell body. 
D) They are the main output element of the neuron. 
E) They can transport material only from the cell body to the axon terminal. 
A) Typically there is one axon per neuron. 
B) Axons lack rough endoplasmic reticulum,free ribosomes,and a Golgi apparatus. 
C) They conduct action potentials away from the cell body. 
D) They are the main output element of the neuron. 
E) They can transport material only from the cell body to the axon terminal. E

Question 2

In a case of hydrocephalus due to blockage of the cerebral aqueduct,which ventricles are distended?

Accepted Answer

A) Lateral ventricles only 
B) Third ventricle only 
C) Lateral and third ventricles 
D) Fourth ventricle only 
E) Third and fourth ventricles 
A) Lateral ventricles only 
B) Third ventricle only 
C) Lateral and third ventricles 
D) Fourth ventricle only 
E) Third and fourth ventricles C

Question 3

Which of the following statements does not apply to dendrites?

Accepted Answer

A) They can be highly branched. 
B) They can have spines. 
C) They are the main output element of the neuron. 
D) One neuron can have many dendrites. 
E) They are the main target for inputs to the neuron 
A) They can be highly branched. 
B) They can have spines. 
C) They are the main output element of the neuron. 
D) One neuron can have many dendrites. 
E) They are the main target for inputs to the neuron C

Question 4

After damage to the axon of a cell,the following sequence (A to E)occurs in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).However,in the CNS,the last step is usually:

Accepted Answer

A) Degeneration of the distal axon. 
B) Chromatolysis in the cell body. 
C) Sprouting of new branches. 
D) Axon regrowth along the original pathway. 
E) Reinnervation of the target. 
A) Degeneration of the distal axon. 
B) Chromatolysis in the cell body. 
C) Sprouting of new branches. 
D) Axon regrowth along the original pathway. 
E) Reinnervation of the target.

Question 5

Astrocytes help maintain the central nervous system (CNS)extracellular milieu by:

Accepted Answer

A) Taking up and redistributing excess K+ and other ions. 
B) Wrapping extensions of their cytoplasm around axons. 
C) Phagocytosing damaged CNS neurons. 
D) Lining the ventricular surface of the CNS. 
E) Differentiating into neurons in response to injury. 
A) Taking up and redistributing excess K+ and other ions. 
B) Wrapping extensions of their cytoplasm around axons. 
C) Phagocytosing damaged CNS neurons. 
D) Lining the ventricular surface of the CNS. 
E) Differentiating into neurons in response to injury.

Question 6

Which statement is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) White matter appears white because myelin refracts light. 
B) Gray matter consists of dense aggregations of neurons. 
C) White matter consists of dense aggregations of axons. 
D) Tracts and pathways consist of long columns of neuronal cell bodies. 
E) Motor neurons have axons that leave the CNS. 
A) White matter appears white because myelin refracts light. 
B) Gray matter consists of dense aggregations of neurons. 
C) White matter consists of dense aggregations of axons. 
D) Tracts and pathways consist of long columns of neuronal cell bodies. 
E) Motor neurons have axons that leave the CNS.

Exam 4: The Nervous System: Introduction to Cells and Systems

Which of the following statements does not apply to axons?

In a case of hydrocephalus due to blockage of the cerebral aqueduct,which ventricles are distended?

Which of the following statements does not apply to dendrites?

After damage to the axon of a cell,the following sequence (A to E)occurs in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).However,in the CNS,the last step is usually:

Astrocytes help maintain the central nervous system (CNS)extracellular milieu by:

Which statement is incorrect?

Principles of Cell Function

Homeostasis of Body Fluids

Signal Transduction, membrane Receptors, second Messengers, and Regulation of Gene Expression

Generation and Conduction of Action Potentials

Synaptic Transmission

The Somatosensory System

The Special Senses

Organization of Motor Function

Higher Functions of the Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Its Central Control

Skeletal Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Overview of Circulation

Elements of Cardiac Function

Properties of the Vasculature

Regulation of the Heart and Vasculature

Integrated Control of the Cardiovascular System

Structure and Function of the Respiratory System

Static Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics

Dynamic Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics

Ventilation

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Control of Respiration

Non-Physiologic Functions of the Lung: Host Defense and Metabolism

Functional Anatomy and General Principles of Regulation in the Gastrointestinal Tract

The Cephalic, oral, and Esophageal Phases of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Gastric Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Small Intestinal Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Colonic Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

Transport and Metabolic Functions of the Liver

Elements of Renal Function

Solute and Water Transport Along the Nephron: Tubular Function

Control of Body Fluid Osmolality and Volume

Potassium, calcium, and Phosphate Homeostasis

Role of the Kidneys in the Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Hormonal Regulation of Energy Metabolism

Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism

The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Adrenal Glands

The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

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